Phonon is one of the most important elementary excitations, and is fundamental for understanding thermodynamic properties, such as heat capacity, Debye temperature, and the coefficient of thermal expansion. Furthermore, electron-phonon coupling can determine the electric conductivity and superconductivity of materials. Raman spectroscopy is the most important tool to study phonon physics, and can not only be utilized to explore the lattice structure and quality of materials but also their phonon properties, electronic band structure and electron-phonon coupling. Here, we investigate the phonon physics of two-dimensional (2D) materials and the related van der Waals heterostructures by Raman spectroscopy. First, we will introduce interlayer and intralayer phonon modes. The frequency of the interlayer phonon modes can be well reproduced by the linear chain model while their intensity can be calculated by the interlayer bond polarizability model; in addition, the splitting frequency between Davydov components in multilayer 2D materials originating from the same intralayer mode in monolayer counterpart can be well fitted by the van der Waals model. Secondly, we extend these models to 2D van der Waals heterostructures. By taking twisted multilayer graphene, MoS2/graphene and hBN/WS2 heterostructures as examples, we demonstrate how to calculate the frequency and Raman intensity of the interlayer modes by the linear chain and interlayer polarizability models, respectively, which can further give the strength of the interlayer coupling and electron-phonon coupling for layer-breathing modes in van der Waals heterostructures.

硫族化镉纳米微晶由于具有发光效率高和发射波长可调谐等优良性质在光电器件中有重要的应用,CdSe/CdS点-棒异质结量子点是典型代表之一。本文中通过非共振拉曼方法探测了该量子点在5~50 cm-1的声学声子模,利用不同模式的偏振特性,清晰地指认了球状核壳异质结量子点的扭转模式和径向呼吸模、棒状和点-棒异质结量子点的伸缩模和径向呼吸模等,并观察到了棒状量子点和点-棒异质结量子点的电子拉曼散射。同时发现点-棒异质结量子点的径向呼吸模较尺寸相当的纳米棒量子点发生红移。利用有限元方法形象模拟各量子点声学模的振动形式,并发现点-棒异质结量子点呼吸模振动的局域性。随后,引入局域有效声速的概念,利用改进的Lamb定律,成功解释了该红移是由CdSe核区域声速的减小所导致的,并再次验证该呼吸模局域在核附近区域。该研究对于表征和研究量子点中的限制性声学模具有重要意义,声学模和光学跃迁均局域在量子点附近区域的特性,对调控其激子-声子耦合和相关的光学性质具有重要指导意义。

本文利用离散偶极子近似<参考文献原文>(Discrete Dipole Approximation,简称DDA),从理论上系统地探究了氟氧化物微晶玻璃纳米微晶的尺寸、周围介质折射率和多粒子周期性排布结构对散射效率的影响,提出降低微晶玻璃散射效率的有效途径,成功解释了氟氧化物微晶玻璃中的“超透明”现象。