在光全散射法粒径测量中,基于改进的遗传算法反演颗粒系的粒径分布。在独立模式下,粒径反演为求解约束优化问题,将改进的遗传算法与模拟退火算法相结合,克服了罚函数遗传算法反演时罚系数难以确定以致极易产生不可行收敛解的不足。在非独立模式下,采用改进的遗传算法能够在3个波长下较准确地反演粒径分布。在光全散射法中采用改进的遗传算法反演粒径分布是可行的,反演结果稳定可靠,避免了基本遗传算法容易过早收敛而使反演结果陷入局部解的缺陷。

A new technique is developed to measure the longitudinal thermal expansion coefficient of C/C composite material at high temperature. The measuring principle and components of the apparatus are described in detail. The calculation method is derived from the temperature dependence of the thermal expansion coefficient. The apparatus mainly consists of a high temperature environmental chamber, a power circuit of heating, two high-speed pyrometers, and a laser scanning system. A long solid specimen is resistively heated to a steady high-temperature state by a steady electrical current. The temperature profile of the specimen surface is not uniform because of the thermal conduction and radiation. The temperature profile and the total expansion are measured with a high-speed scanning pyrometer and a laser slit scanning measuring system, respectively. The thermal expansion coefficient in a wide temperature range (1000-3800 K) of the specimen can therefore be obtained. The perfect consistency between the present and previous results justifies the validity of this technique.

提出一种计算太阳能聚光器聚光焦斑能流密度分布的新方法。在考虑太阳形状、聚光器表面形状误差、跟踪误差、接收器位置误差、漫反射及接收器遮挡作用等各项光学误差和影响因素的基础上,结合旋转抛物面聚光器的光学特性,采用有限元法对焦面能流密度分布进行计算,并与文献中的结果进行比较,证明了该方法的正确性和可行性。同时又对半球形接收器和圆柱形接收器进行了实例计算,结果表明该方法不受聚光器或接收器面型的限制,算法简单,通用性也较强,从而为系统的优化设计和能流密度的测量奠定基础。