The pandemic of respiratory diseases enlightened people that monitoring respiration has promising prospects in averting many fatalities by tracking the development of diseases. However, the response speed of current optical fiber sensors is still insufficient to meet the requirements of high-frequency respiratory detection during respiratory failure. Here, a scheme for a fast and stable tachypnea monitor is proposed utilizing a water-soluble C₆₀-Lys ion compound as functional material for the tracking of humidity change in the progression of breath. The polarization of C₆₀-Lys can be tuned by the ambient relative humidity change, and an apparent refractive index alteration can be detected due to the small size effect. In our experiments, C₆₀-Lys is conformally and uniformly deposited on the surface of a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) to fabricate an ultra-fast-response, high-sensitivity, and long-term stable optical fiber humidity sensor. A relative humidity (RH) detecting sensitivity of 0.080 dB/% RH and the equilibrium response time and recovery time of 1.85 s and 1.58 s are observed, respectively. Also, a linear relation is detected between the resonance intensity of the TFBG and the environment RH. In a practical breath monitoring experiment, the instantaneous response time and recovery time are measured as 40 ms and 41 ms, respectively, during a 1.5 Hz fast breath process. Furthermore, an excellent time stability and high repeatability are exhibited in experiments conducted over a range of 7 days.

提出了一种基于聚乙烯醇（PVA）涂覆的U型超细光纤湿度传感器。光纤熔融拉锥机将单模光纤拉制成微米级的超细光纤，采用滴涂法将PVA溶液均匀的涂覆在光纤表面。为了减小传感器体积使其便于测量，将超细光纤固定为U型。实验发现，未涂覆PVA时，U型传感器的湿度灵敏度极低；涂覆PVA后，传感器在34%RH~90%RH的检测范围内湿度灵敏度高达146.1pm/%RH。温度实验表明，传感器在40℃~80℃范围内温度灵敏度为15.8 pm/℃。该传感器制备过程简单、灵敏度高、便于携带、成本低、温度串扰影响较小，在湿度检测领域有广泛的应用前景。

三维导电结构的低温、高结合力直写喷印是柔性电子复合器件制造应用所面临的挑战。本文基于银氨络合机理制备出可用于三维导电结构成型的无颗粒直写溶液，克服了金属颗粒团聚的问题，做到了长期保存。50 ℃低温烧结条件下，银氨络合溶液制备的导电纤维与银纳米颗粒溶液制备的导电纤维相比导电性能优异，电阻低至365 Ω/mm。银氨络合溶液直写制备的纤维结构与柔性基底之间有着强附着性，并具备良好的自堆叠特性，可以通过调节纤维堆叠层数在10层到50层变化，控制导电纤维的电阻在6.7~34.1 Ω/mm范围内改变。在不同饱和盐溶液建立的湿度环境下，对基于银氨络合溶液设计的湿度传感器进行测试，传感器展现出良好的湿度响应性能，迟滞低至3.2%，同时在湿度循环变化下实时响应效果优良。无颗粒直写溶液在制备柔性电子产品方面有着可观的前景，并且在运动检测和健康管理等领域有广泛的应用。

Flexible and wearable humidity sensors play a vital role in daily point-of-care diagnosis and noncontact human-machine interactions. However, achieving a facile and high-speed fabrication approach to realizing flexible humidity sensors remains a challenge. In this work, a wearable capacitive-type Ga₂O₃/liquid metal-based humidity sensor is demonstrated by a one-step laser direct writing technique. Owing to the photothermal effect of laser, the Ga₂O₃-wrapped liquid metal particles can be selectively sintered and converted from insulative to conductive traces with a resistivity of 0.19 Ω·cm, while the untreated regions serve as active sensing layers in response to moisture changes. Under 95% relative humidity, the humidity sensor displays a highly stable performance along with rapid response and recover time. Utilizing these superior properties, the Ga₂O₃/liquid metal-based humidity sensor is able to monitor human respiration rate, as well as skin moisture of the palm under different physiological states for healthcare monitoring.

为了能有效评估中长波复合探测识别低特征水面飞行器目标的优势，通过建立某飞行器不同探测角度红外辐射模型，采用光线追迹结合反向蒙特卡洛法计算获得了其不同探测角度下中长波红外的辐射强度。同时基于侧迎头辐射强度计算结果，对海洋环境降雨、海雾等特殊条件下中长波探测差异进行了对比分析，并且通过实际外场复杂海背景下弱小目标探测试验等手段，获取了不同距离下中长波探测数据，统计分析了目标与海背景的等效温差变化。通过上述工作统计分析了中波和长波波段在不同气候海背景条件下的优势和劣势，充分验证了中长波复合探测技术的优势。