Supershort avalanche electron beam (SAEB) plays an important role in nanosecond-pulse discharges. this paper aims at reviewing experiments results on characteritics of SAEB and its spectra in different gases in nanosecond-pulse discharges. All the joint experiments were carried in the Institute of High Current Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In these experiments, the generation of a SAEB in SF6 in an inhomogeneous electric field was studied on three generators with pulse rise times of 0.3, 0.5 and ~2 ns. Firstly, the comparison of SAEB parameters in SF6 with those obtained in other gases (air, nitrogen, argon, and krypton) is introduced. Secondly, the SAEB spectra in SF6 and air at pressures of 10 kPa (75 torr), and 0.1 MPa (750 torr) are reviewed and discussed. Finally, 1.5-D theoretical simulation of the supershort pulse of the fast electron beam in a coaxial diode filled with SF6 at atmospheric pressure is described. the simulation was carried out in the framework of hybrid model for discharge and runaway electron kinetics. the above research progress can provide better understanding of the investigation into the mechanism of nanosecond-pulse discharges.

研究了氮气中的高压体(扩散)放电特性，实验中施加的极间隙脉冲电压达数百千伏,持续时间为数纳秒,上升时间为几个纳秒，给出了实验结果。研究了氦气压强为(0.4~2)×105 Pa时，从扩散形式到火花放电的放电转换过程。确定了在氮气压强下电流幅度与逃逸电子束电流脉宽的关系。结果表明，导致隙间扩散放电的超短雪崩电子束(SAEB)对放电过程有重要的影响。在该压强下得出了SAEB瞬间产生相对放电电流的时延与压强的关系，根据该关系，时延随着压强增加而变化，并且在压强为2×105 Pa时最小，同时扩散放电电流脉冲的峰值随压强增加而减小。在0.5×105 Pa的压强下，使用刀片电极和6 cm长的N2∶SF6=10∶1的激活媒质，得到了输出能量为2 mJ、脉冲功率为0.55 MW的激光。最后，在大气压强下，对AlBe箔片进行了重复频率放电处理(REP)，其表层清除了碳而且氧原子以450 nm/300 pulse渗入箔片。