As typical quarternary copper-based chalcogenides, Cu–Zn–Sn–S nanocrystals (CZTS NCs) have emerged as a new-fashioned electrocatalyst in hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs). Oleylamine (OM), a reducing surfactant and solvent, plays a significant role in the assisting synthesis of CZTS NCs due to the ligand effect. Herein, we adopted a facile one-pot colloidal method for achieving the structure evolution of CZTS NCs from 2D nanosheets to 1D nanorods assisted through the continuous addition of OM. During the process, the mechanism of OM-induced morphology evolution was further discussed. When merely adding pure 1-dodecanethiol (DDT) as the solvent, the CZTS nanosheets were obtained. As OM was gradually added to the reaction, the CZTS NCs began to grow along the sides of the nanosheets and gradually shrink at the top, followed by the formation of stable nanorods. In acidic electrolytic conditions, the CZTS NCs with 1.0 OM addition display the optimal HER activity with a low overpotential of 561 mV at 10 mA/cm² and a small Tafel slope of 157.6 mV/dec compared with other CZTS samples. The enhancement of HER activity could be attributed to the contribution of the synergistic effect of the diverse crystal facets to the reaction.

In this study, a batch of indium tin oxide (ITO)/Sn composites with different ratios was obtained based on the principle of thermal evaporation by an electron beam. The crystalline structure, surface shape, and optical characterization of the films were researched using an X-ray diffractometer, an atomic force microscope, a UV-Vis-NIR dual-beam spectrophotometer, and an open-hole Z-scan system. By varying the relative thickness ratio of the ITO/Sn bilayer film, tunable nonlinear optical properties were achieved. The nonlinear saturation absorption coefficient β maximum of the ITO/Sn composites is -10.5×10-7cm/W, approximately 21 and 1.72 times more enhanced compared to monolayer ITO and Sn, respectively. Moreover, the improvement of the sample nonlinear performance was verified using finite-difference in temporal domain simulations.

Sn doping is an effective way to improve the response rate of Ga₂O₃ film based solar-blind detectors. In this paper, Sn-doped Ga₂O₃ films were prepared on a sapphire substrate by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, and the effect of annealing atmosphere on the properties of films was studied. The Ga₂O₃ films changed from amorphous to β-Ga₂O₃ after annealing at 900 °C. The films were composed of micro crystalline particles with a diameter of about 5–20 nm. The β-Ga₂O₃ had high transmittance for wavelengths above 300 nm, and obvious absorption for solar-blind signals at 200–280 nm. The metal semiconductor metal type solar-blind detectors were prepared. The detector based on Sn-doped β-Ga₂O₃ thin film annealed in N₂ has the best response performance to 254 nm light. The photo-current is 10 μA at 20 V, the dark-current is 5.76 pA, the photo dark current ratio is 1.7 × 10⁶, the response rate is 12.47 A/W, the external quantum efficiency is 6.09 × 10³%, the specific detection rate is 2.61 × 10¹² Jones, the response time and recovery time are 378 and 90 ms, respectively.

随着反应堆堆芯设计的复杂化，给堆芯物理的建模计算带来了一定的挑战。针对复杂几何堆芯的精细建模计算，采用基于任意三棱柱网格的离散纵标节块法，通过构造实体几何的方式，实现了复杂非结构几何堆芯的准确建模以及非结构网格的生成，同时由于非结构网格计算量大，采用了块雅各比的并行算法以减少堆芯输运计算时间。将SARAX程序用于空间反应堆和热管堆的计算中，特征值和堆芯径向功率分布结果与多群蒙特卡罗的计算结果吻合良好，特征值的计算偏差小于3.00×10^-3，径向功率分布的相对偏差小于1.5%，表明SARAX程序在复杂非结构几何堆芯计算中具有较高的精度。

钙锆共掺钛酸钡陶瓷(BCZT)具有优异的介电性能和压电性能, 是一类具有发展潜力的无铅压电陶瓷, 但其压电性能仍无法与铅基陶瓷媲美。为提高压电性能, 本研究对陶瓷材料进行Sn元素掺杂改性((Ba_0.85Ca_0.15)- (Ti_0.9Zr_0.1-xSn_x)O₃, x=0.02~0.07))。晶体结构分析证实所有组分的陶瓷无杂相, 处于正交相与四方相两相共存状态, 并具有较大的c/a; 显微结构分析发现所有陶瓷都很致密, 且平均晶粒尺寸随着Sn含量的增加而增大。当x=0.04时, 陶瓷最致密, 且室温处于准同型相界附近, 因此拥有最佳的电学性能: d₃₃=590 pC•N ^-1, k_p=52.2%, tanδ=0.016, ε ^T₃₃=5372, d ^*₃₃=734 pm•V ^-1, IR=57.8 GΩ•cm。本研究表明: Sn掺杂的BCZT基无铅压电陶瓷具有优异的压电性能, 有望在换能器、机电传感器和驱动器等方面得到应用。

制备了平面结构2D/3D混合钙钛矿（PEA）_0.15FA_0.85SnI₃/SnO₂异质结光探测器。研究发现，SnO₂薄膜的引入可以调控（PEA）_0.15FA_0.85SnI₃薄膜的晶体生长过程，有助于获得致密的连续薄膜。在520 nm单色光辐照下，器件的响应度高达3.19×10⁵ A/W，相应的探测率为6.39×10¹⁵ Jones。在808 nm单色光辐照下，器件的响应度和探测器率也可分别达到1.70×10⁴ A/W和7.28×10¹³ Jones。相关性能明显高于（PEA）_0.15FA_0.85SnI₃单层薄膜光探测器。器件性能的提高一方面是由于钙钛矿薄膜表面形貌的改善，提高了器件的吸收效率和载流子收集效率；另一方面是由于（PEA）_0.15FA_0.85SnI₃和SnO₂之间形成了p?n结结构，从而有效提高了钙钛矿薄膜中的光生电子?空穴对的分离效率，降低了电子和空穴的复合几率。同时，（PEA）_0.15FA_0.85SnI₃/SnO₂界面处特殊的能级结构也可诱导器件产生光电导增益。

锡基材料在自然界含量丰富、价格低廉, 在电催化还原CO₂制液体燃料反应中具有巨大潜力。但是较低的产物选择性和较差的稳定性限制了其应用。本工作制备的锡量子点电催化剂(Sn-QDs), 具有高效、高稳定性和高选择性的电催化还原CO₂产HCOOH活性。Sn-QDs的平均颗粒尺寸仅为2~3 nm, 结晶性良好。小的颗粒尺寸增大了电化学活性面积(ECSA), Sn-QDs的ECSA约为锡颗粒的4.4倍。ECSA增大以及CO₂还原反应动力学加速, 促进了CO₂电化学转化。在-1.0 V (vs RHE)下, Sn-QDs/CN催化剂的HCOOH法拉第效率(FE_HCOOH)达到95%, 并且在宽约0.5 V的电势范围内能够保持在83%以上。此外, Sn-QDs/CN可以在24 h内保持良好的电化学稳定性。