为了对存在于石英玻璃中的非桥氧空穴缺陷的特性进行研究, 采用高频等离子体法对掺Yb3+石英玻璃进行了制备。首先介绍了玻璃样品的制备过程, 然后对所制备的掺Yb3+石英玻璃样品的吸收特性、发射特性以及傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱进行了分析。结果表明, 所制备的玻璃样品具有Yb3+离子典型的吸收特性。位于260 nm波长的吸收峰以及200 nm激发波长下产生的位于630 nm波长的发射峰都表明所制备的玻璃样品中存在非桥氧空穴缺陷。并且不同激发波长所产生的发射峰以及红外吸收光谱都说明玻璃样品中的非桥氧空穴缺陷是由≡Si－O↑和≡Si－O↑…H－O－Si≡两类空穴中心构成, Yb3+离子对合作发光与非桥氧空穴缺陷间存在能量转移过程。

研究了Yb3+掺杂铋酸盐玻璃的发光特性参数, 讨论了Yb2+、Bi3+等缺陷淬灭中心与Yb3+之间的能量转移。对于已优化的基质组成, 在荧光寿命没有大幅下降的前提下, 玻璃中Yb3+近红外波段的发射截面明显增大, 吸收截面减小, 激光增益能力和饱和抽运强度均得到提高。采用有效的除羟基工艺, 玻璃中不会产生比磷酸盐玻璃中更为严重的Yb3+发光淬灭效应, 但铋酸盐玻璃中还可能存在Yb2+、Bi3+等价态不稳定的缺陷淬灭中心。

采用光强分布为环形的半导体激光器端面抽运Yb:GdYCOB晶体，实现了激光谐振腔直接发射涡旋激光。通过测量输出激光光束的空间强度分布、光束品质因子、光束纯度以及光束的波前相位信息，证实激光器输出的光束为高纯度涡旋光束。当抽运功率为3.2 W时，最大输出功率为281 mW，光-光转换效率为8.7%，斜率效率为21.7%。

Without discrete optical components influencing the fiber format, all-fiber mode-locked laser has tremendous potential practical applications due to its advantages of better stability, alignment free, and better compaction. All-fiber laser mode-locked by nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE) can obtain good performances in terms of pulse duration and spectrum. But the effective saturable absorption mirror can be overdriven at high peak power, which leads to multiple pulses, limiting the output pulse energy. And there is a trade-off between avoiding overdriving the NPE and ease of self-starting. In addition, the polarization of the pulse propagating in a long fiber is so sensitive to the environment vibration that it is difficult to implement a stable lone-time operation. All-fiber ring laser mode-locked by NPE alone is analyzed and realized. The simulation results show that even a polarization vibration of /38 can break the mode-locking completely. Experimentally, after carefully adjusting, singlepulse mode-locking is achieved with the spectrum centered at 1053.4 nm and a maximum pulse energy of 82 pJ. But the output parameters change continually during operating. After 60 min, the mode-locking is broken. The conclusion is obtained that instability and unreliability of self-starting are inevitable for such a laser. Here, we show significant improvements of the pulse energy, operating stability, and self-starting reliability from an all-fiber Yb-doped mode-locked fiber laser. The laser is mode-locked by NPE combined with chirped pulse spectral filtering (CPSF). In order to easily self-start and stabilize mode locking, a spectral filter is employed in the all-normal group velocity dispersion NPE cavity to provide additional amplitude modulation. Combined effects of NPE and CPSF result in desirable pulse output, desirable operating stability, and reliable self-starting simultaneously. Stable mode-locking centered at 1053 nm is achieved with a 3 dB spectral bandwidth of 9.1 nm and pulse duration of 17.8 ps. The average output power is 66.9 mW at a repetition rate of 15.2 MHz, corresponding to a pulse energy of 4.25 nJ. Especially, high operating stability and easily one-button self-starting are achieved simultaneously. The fluctuations of output parameters including pulse energy, pulse duration, and spectrum are within 0.3% during 150-min operation. Self-starting reliability is tested. The testing time lasts two weeks. During the two weeks, the laser is turned off and turned on 48 times by using a power supplying button, without any adjustment. And the re-turned on intervals change randomly. Each time, the mode-locking can start itself. The repeatabilities of output parameters including pulse energy, pulse duration, and spectrum are within 0.55%.

基于正色散单模光纤、掺Yb3+增益光纤和多模光纤光栅，提出了一种可调高功率双波长自相似抛物线脉冲激光器。采用非线性薛定谔方程描述双波长自相似抛物线脉冲的 传输和演化过程,并利用分步傅里叶方法进行数值模拟。输入脉冲在正色散单模光纤与掺镱增益光纤中产生自相似抛物线脉冲，多模光纤布拉格光栅对激光器进行双波长选择， 通过调节偏振控制器实现双波长稳定运行。数值模拟分析结果表明该激光器的运行是可行且有效的。

制备了适用于钾钠离子交换波导的钬镱离子掺杂锗酸盐玻璃, 采用荧光光谱绝对测试系统在975nm激光泵浦下对玻璃的上转换发光性能进行表征, 解析出样品的绝对光谱功率分布, 并计算了光量子数分布和荧光量子产率等绝对荧光参量.测试与计算结果表明, 当Ho3+/Yb3+掺杂的锗酸盐玻璃在370℃的KNO3熔盐中热离子交换4 h时, K+-Na+离子交换有效扩散系数为0.068 μm2/min.锗酸盐玻璃样品中, Ho3+主要发出548 nm绿光和660 nm红光, 其中红色上转换荧光为支配性发射.当激光激发功率密度为1 227 W/cm2时, 660 nm红光绝对光谱功率和净发射光量子数分别为28.03 μW和9.26×1013 cps.此时, 548 nm绿光和660 nm红光发射的荧光量子产率分别为0.17×10－5和2.41×10－5, 可见区总荧光量子产率达2.61×10－5.净发射光子数与激发功率密度的双对数曲线斜率表明Ho3+/Yb3+掺杂锗酸盐玻璃的红色和绿色上转换发射均属双光子激发过程.基于波导适用型锗酸盐玻璃实施的钬离子上转换荧光发射的绝对化表征, 为稀土光电功能材料的进一步研发提供了可依赖的数据参考.

采用布拉格光纤光栅作为谐振腔,实现了 980nm半导体激光器端面泵浦下的双包层掺镱光纤激光器的连续和调Q运转.连续激光实验结果表明,在泵浦功率固定时,增益光纤存在激光输出功率最大情况下的最佳长度,当泵浦功率增大时,最佳增益光纤长度也随之增加.采用石墨烯分散液作为可饱和吸收体,插入增益光纤与布拉格光纤光栅之间,实现了光纤激光器的稳定被动调Q运转.当泵浦功率为2.87 W时,得到了最小脉冲宽度33 ns、重复率38.5 kHz的脉冲序列;随着泵浦功率进一步增大,出现不稳定的调Q锁模现象.

利用重复频率为50 kHz，中心波长为790 nm，脉冲宽度为140 fs的飞秒激光脉冲在掺Yb3+磷酸盐玻璃中刻写双线型光波导。研究了双线间距，激光脉冲能量和刻写速度对波导形成的影响，并测试了不同刻写参数下波导的导光模式。实验结果表明，在双线间距为35 μm，激光脉冲能量为1.0 μJ，刻写速度为600 μm/s 的条件下写入的光波导导光性能最优；利用近场模式重建了激光诱导该波导的折射率二维分布，波导区域相对于基质的最大折射率改变为1.5×10-4，并利用散射法测试了波导的传输损耗，传输损耗为1.56 dB/cm。发现了波导具有偏振导光现象，偏振态平行于双线方向的激光可以导通，偏振态垂直于双线方向的激光不能导通。

研究了使用钛宝石放大器输出的重复频率为50 kHz、中心波长为775 nm、脉冲宽度为160 fs的超快激光在掺镱钇铝石榴石(Yb:YAG)中刻写双线型光波导的过程。发现了波导具有偏振导光现象，偏振态平行于双线方向的激光可以导通，偏振态垂直于双线方向的激光不能导通。详细分析了双线间距、刻写速度和激光脉冲能量对波导形成的影响，在双线间距为30 μm、刻写速度为400 μm/s、脉冲能量为5.0 μJ的条件下写入的光波导导光特性良好。利用近场模重建了该波导折射率二维分布，波导区域折射率相对于基质改变量的最大值为1.8×10-4，且该波导在940 nm半导体激光抽运激励下，获得了1030.5 nm的连续激光输出，激光功率为4.7 mW。