巨噬细胞作为炎症阶段的主要吞噬细胞，其高表达是急性呼吸道炎症发展过程的临床特征之一。目前还没有一种成像方法能够以深组织穿透性和高分辨率的方式呈现巨噬细胞在急性炎症中的表达。以吲哚菁绿纳米颗粒（Nano-ICG）作为一种高效的光声成像（PAI）增强造影剂，评估了急性呼吸道炎症中巨噬细胞的表达量。激光共聚焦显微镜下的成像效果证实，Nano-ICG能够快速地被巨噬细胞吞噬。利用Nano-ICG增强光声成像效果后，气管内的PAI结果显示了巨噬细胞在炎症后气管壁上的分布区域。Nano-ICG增强的光声成像能够无创、定量地评估急性呼吸道炎症的发展程度，有望为呼吸疾病相关基础研究和临床诊疗提供新的影像技术支持。

Assessment of human airway lumen opening is important in diagnosing and understanding the mechanisms of airway dysfunctions such as the excessive airway narrowing in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although there are indirect methods to evaluate the airway calibre, direct in vivo measurement of the airway calibre has not been commonly available. With recent advent of the flexible fiber optical nasopharyngoscope with video recording it has become possible to directly visualize the passages of upper and lower airways. However, quantitative analysis of the recorded video images has been technically challenging. Here, we describe an automatic image processing and analysis method that allows for batch analysis of the images recorded during the endoscopic procedure, thus facilitates image-based quantification of the airway opening. Video images of the airway lumen of volunteer subject were acquired using a fiber optical nasopharyngoscope, and subsequently processed using Gaussian smoothing filter, threshold segmentation, differentiation, and Canny image edge detection, respectively. Thus the area of the open airway lumen was identified and computed using a predetermined converter of the image scale to true dimension of the imaged object. With this method we measured the opening/narrowing of the glottis during tidal breathing with or without making "Hee" sound or cough. We also used this method to measure the opening/narrowing of the primary bronchus of either healthy or asthmatic subjects in response to histamine and/or albuterol treatment, which also provided an indicator of the airway contractility. Our results demonstrate that the imagebased method accurately quantified the area change waveform of either the glottis or the bronchus as observed by using the optical nasopharygoscope. Importantly, the opening/narrowing of the airway lumen generally correlated with the airflow and resistance of the airways, and could differentiate the level of airway contractility between the healthy and asthmatic subjects. Thus, this quantitative assessment of airway opening may provide a useful tool to assist clinical diagnosis of airway dysfunctions and understanding the mechanisms of associated pathophysiologies.

航路实时显示是航空电子综合显示控制系统的一项重要功能。本文提出的航路实时显示算法，对越过显示屏幕边界的航路进行裁剪处理，解决了对越界航路进行显示引起的航路显示混乱问题，提高了航路动态显示的实时性、稳定性和连续性。