飞秒激光得益于其精准、微创等优势被广泛应用于屈光疾病的治疗。在飞秒激光屈光手术中，光学系统的数值孔径是影响手术效果的重要参数。本研究旨在探讨数值孔径对飞秒激光角膜基质切削质量的影响规律，以帮助临床医生更好地选择合适的手术参数。选用0.16、0.30、0.80三种数值孔径进行离体动物角膜的飞秒激光切削实验，并通过气泡尺寸与凋亡细胞比例评估激光切削质量与基质细胞损伤程度。实验结果显示：气泡体积随着数值孔径的增大而减小，高数值孔径下切割更易实现基质层的分离；上述三种数值孔径下的基质细胞损伤比例分别为9.4%、4.9%和1.0%，基质细胞的损伤比例随着数值孔径的增大而明显下降。因此，增大数值孔径有助于提高飞秒激光角膜基质切削的安全性。

提出了一种拉伸-扭转耦合变形的新型力学超结构，该结构可在轴向拉伸的同时显著提升其截面扭转能力。针对这种简单构型的力学超材料胞元结构进行了建模，并通过胞元堆叠的方式设计了具有拉伸-扭转耦合变形能力的宏观梁结构。通过有限元分析方法研究了胞元的拉伸刚度和拉伸-剪切变形耦合特性，验证了宏观梁结构的变形性能并分析了相关参数，采用激光选区烧结（SLS）技术制备样品进行了实验验证。结果显示：四胞元悬臂梁的扭转角明显大于双胞元悬臂梁，在46.69 N拉力作用下，它们分别产生了0.667°和0.479°的扭转角，与有限元分析结果具有较好的一致性。此外，相比于双胞元悬臂梁，四胞元组合堆叠悬臂梁在质量上仅增加了2.77%，但耦合系数却增大了42.97%，这表明四胞元堆叠悬臂梁具有更优的拉伸-扭转耦合特性。宏观梁结构中的扭转变形近似成线性累积，可通过增加胞元组合的堆叠次数增大其扭转角。

长时程细胞成像及分析在生物医学研究中具有重要意义。然而，由于荧光显微镜存在光漂白和光毒性等问题，其应用受到一定限制。非标记成像技术为克服这些限制提供了可行的解决方案。研究了干涉光谱分析技术作为解决非标记长时程活细胞监测问题的潜在方法，并提出了一种基于高光谱干涉重构的非标记定量显微成像技术。通过建立描述干涉信号的数学模型，设计样本定量重构算法，从而获取活细胞纳米结构和干质量分布的定量信息。系统采用自反射式干涉结构，不依赖复杂的光学调制元件，结构简单、操作便捷。此外，本文还在光学显微成像的基础上集成了具有细胞培养能力的微型细胞培养箱，实现了原位长时程成像。利用该系统，研究了不同细胞全细胞周期内的纳米结构定量和干质量变化，展示了本工作在生物医学领域的应用潜力。

Collective cell migration is a coordinated movement of multi-cell systems essential for various processes throughout life. The collective motions often occur under spatial restrictions, hallmarked by the collective rotation of epithelial cells confined in circular substrates. Here, we aim to explore how geometric shapes of confinement regulate this collective cell movement. We develop quantitative methods for cell velocity orientation analysis, and find that boundary cells exhibit stronger tangential ordering migration than inner cells in circular pattern. Furthermore, decreased tangential ordering movement capability of collective cells in triangular and square patterns are observed, due to the disturbance of cell motion at unsmooth corners of these patterns. On the other hand, the collective cell rotation is slightly affected by a convex defect of the circular pattern, while almost hindered with a concave defect, also resulting from different smoothness features of their boundaries. Numerical simulations employing cell Potts model well reproduce and extend experimental observations. Together, our results highlight the importance of boundary smoothness in the regulation of collective cell tangential ordering migration.

Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) is a derivative of the marine peptide Dolastatin 10, which has therapeutic effects against various cancers according to its antimitotic activity in multiple clinical trials. The antibody drug conjugate (ADC) of MMAE is currently used in clinical practice. However, the safety issues of MMAE-based ADC, such as high drug toxicity and poor bioavailability, still exist when using it for anticancer therapy. A sustained release of drug delivery approach should be used to reduce toxicity and achieve sufficient anticancer effects. Herein, PLGA-b-PEG2000 with excellent biocompatibility and slow degradation ability was adopted to construct MMAE-loaded nanoparticles for safe and effective chemotherapy. The sustained release effect and the immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect of PLGA-MMAE nanoparticles were assessed by in vitro experiments. The PLGA-MMAE nanoparticles effectively accumulated in the tumor through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, inducing cell apoptosis and causing a certain degree of immune response. The sustained drug release of PLGA-MMAE improved the bioavailability and effectively reduced the toxicity and development of the tumor compared to the effect of free MMAE or ADC. Overall, this study provides a safe and effective chemotherapeutic approach, as well as a simple and effective synthetic process for MMAE-based nanoparticles, improving their therapeutic efficacy and safety.

Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have contributed to a variety of biological research fields by filling the gap between monolayers and animal models. The modern optical sectioning microscopic methods make it possible to probe the complexity of 3D cell cultures but are limited by the inherent opaqueness. While tissue optical clearing methods have emerged as powerful tools for investigating whole-mount tissues in 3D, they often have limitations, such as being too harsh for fragile 3D cell cultures, requiring complex handling protocols, or inducing tissue deformation with shrinkage or expansion. To address this issue, we proposed a modified optical clearing method for 3D cell cultures, called MACS-W, which is simple, highly efficient, and morphology-preserving. In our evaluation of MACS-W, we found that it exhibits excellent clearing capability in just 10min, with minimal deformation, and helps drug evaluation on tumor spheroids. In summary, MACS-W is a fast, minimally-deformative and fluorescence compatible clearing method that has the potential to be widely used in the studies of 3D cell cultures.

针对标准泡法在远距离SO₂监测定标不准确的实际问题，开展定标误差校正方法研究。首先，基于标准泡定标法原理以及大气辐射传输理论，提出消除光稀释效应影响的图像校正方法；然后，在充分分析窗片与滤光片反射以及气溶胶散射效应的基础上，对反射效应及散射特性对定标结果的影响进行量化；最后，综合上述影响因素计算得到光稀释效应校正及散射特性修正的定标曲线，并比较误差校正的标准泡定标法与DOAS定标法在反演SO₂柱密度图像以及SO₂排放速率之间差异。结果表明，所提出的校正方法可将标准泡法与DOAS法的定标结果差异从59%降低至7%，验证了该误差校正方法的有效性和准确度。