传统光学成像实质上是场景强度信号在空间维度上的直接均匀采样记录与再现的过程。在此过程中，成像的分辨率与信息量不可避免地受到光学衍射极限、探测离散器采样、成像系统空间带宽积等若干物理条件制约。如何突破这些物理限制，获得分辨率更高，视场更宽广的图像信息，是该领域的永恒课题。本文概括性地介绍了分辨率、超分辨率与空间带宽积拓展的相关基础理论，核心机理及其在计算光学成像中的若干实例。通过将这些具体个案置入“计算光学成像”这个更高维度的体系框架去分析与探讨，揭示了它们大多数都可以被理解为一种可称作“空间带宽积调控”策略，即利用成像系统的可用自由度，在成像系统有限空间带宽积的限制下，以最佳方式进行编解码和传递信息的过程，或者形象地说——“戴着脚镣跳舞”。这实质上是一种在物理限制下，在“得”与“失”之间所作出的符合规律的权衡与选择。本文的结论有望为设计和探索面向各类复杂现实成像应用的新型成像机理与方法提供有益启示。

In recent years, there has been a significant transformation in the field of incoherent imaging with new possibilities of compressing three-dimensional (3D) information into a two-dimensional intensity distribution without two-beam interference (TBI). Most of the incoherent 3D imagers without TBI are based on scattering by a random phase mask exhibiting sharp autocorrelation and low cross-correlation along the depth. Consequently, during reconstruction, high lateral and axial resolutions are obtained. Imaging based on scattering requires an astronomical photon budget and is therefore precluded in many power-sensitive applications. In this study, a proof-of-concept 3D imaging method without TBI using deterministic fields has been demonstrated. A new reconstruction method called the Lucy-Richardson-Rosen algorithm has been developed for this imaging concept. We believe that the proposed approach will cause a paradigm-shift in the current state-of-the-art incoherent imaging, fluorescence microscopy, mid-infrared fingerprinting, astronomical imaging, and fast object recognition applications.In recent years, there has been a significant transformation in the field of incoherent imaging with new possibilities of compressing three-dimensional (3D) information into a two-dimensional intensity distribution without two-beam interference (TBI). Most of the incoherent 3D imagers without TBI are based on scattering by a random phase mask exhibiting sharp autocorrelation and low cross-correlation along the depth. Consequently, during reconstruction, high lateral and axial resolutions are obtained. Imaging based on scattering requires an astronomical photon budget and is therefore precluded in many power-sensitive applications. In this study, a proof-of-concept 3D imaging method without TBI using deterministic fields has been demonstrated. A new reconstruction method called the Lucy-Richardson-Rosen algorithm has been developed for this imaging concept. We believe that the proposed approach will cause a paradigm-shift in the current state-of-the-art incoherent imaging, fluorescence microscopy, mid-infrared fingerprinting, astronomical imaging, and fast object recognition applications.

为了实现复眼系统小型化、轻量化，提出一种基于相机外凸式的安装结构。基于该种结构，首先分析了子眼系统视场角之和与光轴夹角之间的关系，通过两子眼系统视场边缘点之间的坐标关系，建立了与子眼间光轴夹角、子眼系统视场角、观测距离相关的视场重叠率计算模型。通过对此模型分析，复眼系统中子眼间光轴夹角应当小于子眼视场角之和，且大于子眼视场角之差；在上千米的观测距离下，子眼间的视场重叠率随观测距离的变化趋向于定值。依据此模型设计了一款19孔径的复眼系统。针对3 km外目标搭建了实验，采集了子眼图像数据，实验结果表明，复眼系统实现了79.23°全视场的无盲区监测，1级阵列间子眼的实际重叠率在X、Y方向分别为71.16%、45.99%；1级与2级阵列间子眼在X、Y方向同时存在重叠时的实际重叠率分别为43.00%、18.36%，只在X方向存在重叠时的实际重叠率为14.62%；2级阵列间子眼的实际重叠率在X、Y方向分别为66.58%、24.6%。理论重叠量分别为75%、40%；40%、20%；15%；70%、30%。通过子眼实际重叠量与理论重叠量的对比分析，验证了该视场重叠计算模型的可行性。