The velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR) coupled with a streaked optical pyrometer (SOP) system is used as a diagnostic tool in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments involving equations of state and shock timing. To validate the process of adiabatically compressing the fuel shell through precise tuning of shocks in experimental campaigns for the double-cone ignition (DCI) scheme of ICF, a compact line-imaging VISAR with an SOP system is designed and implemented at the Shenguang-II upgrade laser facility. The temporal and spatial resolutions of the system are better than 30 ps and 7 μm, respectively. An illumination lens is used to adjust the lighting spot size matching with the target size. A polarization beam splitter and λ/4 waveplate are used to increase the transmission efficiency of our system. The VISAR and SOP work at 660 and 450 nm, respectively, to differentiate the signals from the scattered lights of the drive lasers. The VISAR can measure the shock velocity. At the same time, the SOP system can give the shock timing and relative strength. This system has been used in different DCI campaigns, where the generation and propagation processes of multi-shock are carefully diagnosed.

Pulse shaping is a powerful tool for mitigating implosion instabilities in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF). However, the high-dimensional and nonlinear nature of implosions makes the pulse optimization quite challenging. In this research, we develop a machine-learning pulse shape designer to achieve high compression density and stable implosion. The facility-specific laser imprint pattern is considered in the optimization, which makes the pulse design more relevant. The designer is applied to the novel double-cone ignition scheme, and simulation shows that the optimized pulse increases the areal density expectation by 16% in one dimension, and the clean-fuel thickness by a factor of four in two dimensions. This pulse shape designer could be a useful tool for direct-drive ICF instability control.

提升工业CT检测系统的技术性能一直是射线无损检测领域系统研发人员和用户共同追求的目标。基于这一目标，提出了采用耦合闪烁屏与科学级面阵CMOS相机的CT图像探测方法，本文介绍了利用该方法在微焦点工业CT系统硬件研制和软件开发方面涉及的重要工程技术细节。给出了自主研发的抗辐照X射线数字相机与商用平板探测器的实测技术指标对比结果、X射线CT集成软件（CTER MAX）与商用软件在CT重建算法计算效率方面的对比结果以及CT系统空间分辨率检测结果。结果表明：抗辐照X射线数字相机具备超高像素采样、低噪声、高动态范围、高分辨、耐辐照、低成本等优势，尤其在空间分辨率上较平板探测器有更大的提升空间，使用更为灵活，适应更多应用场景需求；CTER MAX软件功能完整、操作友好、较商业软件在计算性能上有约4.5倍的速度提升；CT系统综合空间分辨率最高为5 μm，与射线源焦斑尺寸相当。整个系统运行稳定可靠、可推广应用于航空发动机叶片、岩芯检测等各工业无损检测领域。

土壤原位触探技术是一种获取土壤物理力学参数的重要方法，具有准确、快速、可连续测试等优点，在海洋岩土勘探、行星表面地质探测、军用车辆越野路面机动性评估等领域具有广阔的应用背景。本文系统地概述了土壤原位触探技术的发展历程、仪器组成与基本原理，并介绍了其在民用与**领域的应用。基于圆锥静力触探和自落式动力触探这两种典型的原位触探技术，总结了理论分析方法、数值模拟方法和试验方法在贯入机理研究方面的进展。最后，对土壤原位触探技术进行了展望，为土壤原位触探技术未来的发展提供了理论依据和工程技术参考。

为了探讨iCBCT图像用于盆腔肿瘤剂量计算的准确性，本研究选取某院使用Halcyon加速器行放疗的病例30例，利用Eclipse 15.6计划系统重新设计容积旋转调强（VMAT）放疗计划，随后将首次治疗采集的摆位CBCT图像（iCBCT）与计划CT图像（pCT）进行配准，并将每例病例的VMAT计划（pCT计划）移植到iCBCT图像上，基于iCBCT图像标定的CT值－相对电子密度曲线重新进行剂量计算，生成新的治疗计划（iCBCT计划）。采用SPSS 26.0软件对两种计划的剂量学参数进行t检验分析。结果显示，iCBCT计划和pCT的计划相比，计划靶区（Planning target volume，PTV）剂量学参数中D₂、D₉₈、D_mean、适形指数（Conformity index，CI）和均匀性指数（Homogeneity index，HI）结果均较接近，差异平均值依次为0.71%、0.53%、0.97%、0.25%和0.95%，差异无统计学意义（p>0.05）。所统计的危及器官中，左右股骨头、直肠和膀胱的D_mean、D₅、V₂₀、V₃₀和V₄₀的差异平均值均较小，均无统计学意义（p>0.05），差异平均值最大的参数为膀胱的D_mean，差异值为1.71%。与pCT计划相比，iCBCT计划的Gamma通过率为1%/1 mm标准（88.1±1.1）%，2%/2 mm标准（97.8±1.2）%。两种计划的等中心点剂量与实测值相比差异平均值分别为0.98%和0.81%，差异均无统计学意义（p>0.05）。结果提示，在大多数盆腔病例中，iCBCT图像用于放疗计划剂量计算的结果准确、可靠，准确性满足临床应用的要求。