Recently, research has been conducted to assist in the processing and analysis of histopathological images using machine learning algorithms. In this study, we established machine learning-based algorithms to detect photothrombotic lesions in histological images of photothrombosis-induced rabbit brains. Six machine learning-based algorithms for binary classification were applied, and the accuracies were compared to classify normal tissues and photothrombotic lesions. The lesion classification model consisting of a 3-layered neural network with a rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function, Xavier initialization, and Adam optimization using datasets with a unit size of 128 × 128 pixels yielded the highest accuracy (0.975). In the validation using the tested histological images, it was confirmed that the model could identify regions where brain damage occurred due to photochemical ischemic stroke. Through the development of machine learning-based photothrombotic lesion classi- fication models and performance comparisons, we confirmed that machine learning algorithms have the potential to be utilized in histopathology and various medical diagnostic techniques.

为实现对乳腺癌组织病理图像的准确自动分级,提出了一种改进的卷积神经网络,依次引入两种不同的卷积结构,以提高网络对病理图像的识别准确率。以深度残差网络(ResNeXt)为基础网络,用八度卷积(OctConv)替代传统卷积层,在特征提取阶段降低特征图中的冗余特征,提高了细节特征的提取效果;用异构卷积(HetConv)代替网络中的部分传统卷积层,以降低模型的训练参数。为了克服因数据样本较少出现的过拟合问题,采用一种基于图像分块思想的数据增强方法。实验结果表明,该网络在图像级别的四分类任务中准确率达到91.25%,表明所设计的网络模型具有较高的识别率和较好的实时性。