The laser-induced damage detection images used in high-power laser facilities have a dark background, few textures with sparse and small-sized damage sites, and slight degradation caused by slight defocus and optical diffraction, which make the image superresolution (SR) reconstruction challenging. We propose a non-blind SR reconstruction method by using an exquisite mixing of high-, intermediate-, and low-frequency information at each stage of pixel reconstruction based on UNet. We simplify the channel attention mechanism and activation function to focus on the useful channels and keep the global information in the features. We pay more attention on the damage area in the loss function of our end-to-end deep neural network. For constructing a high-low resolution image pairs data set, we precisely measure the point spread function (PSF) of a low-resolution imaging system by using a Bernoulli calibration pattern; the influence of different distance and lateral position on PSFs is also considered. A high-resolution camera is used to acquire the ground-truth images, which is used to create a low-resolution image pairs data set by convolving with the measured PSFs. Trained on the data set, our network has achieved better results, which proves the effectiveness of our method.

为了消除激光诱导击穿光谱技术（laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy，LIBS）中的自吸收效应，提高元素定量分析的精确度，同时满足工业中便捷分析元素的要求，需将自吸收免疫激光诱导击穿光谱技术（self-absorption free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy，SAF-LIBS）的装置小型化。本文提出了一项新型的高重频声光门控SAF-LIBS定量分析技术，使用高重频激光器产生准连续的等离子体以增强光谱强度，并将声光调制器（acousto-optic modulator，AOM）作为门控开关，从而使微型CCD光谱仪和AOM能够代替传统大型SAF-LIBS装置中的像增强探测器（intensified charge coupled device，ICCD）和中阶梯型光栅光谱仪，实现自吸收免疫的同时缩小了装置的体积，降低了装置的成本。将该系统参数进行优化选择后，对样品中的Al元素进行了定量分析和预测。实验结果表明，等离子体的特性受激光重复频率的影响进而会影响光谱信号的强度。在1 ~ 50 kHz激光重复频率范围内，Al I 394.4 nm和Al I 396.15 nm的双线强度先增强后减弱，确定最佳的激光重复频率为10 kHz。在不同的光纤采集角度下，Al的双线强度比随延迟时间的增加而减小，在45°处信噪比最高，且在一定的积分时间下，最佳光学薄时间t_ot为426 ns。在激光重复频率为10 kHz、光纤采集角为45°、延迟时间为400 ns的条件下，对Al元素进行定量分析和预测结果表明，Al元素定标曲线的线性度R²为0.982，平均绝对测量误差相对于单一LIBS的0.8%可以降低至0.18%。定量分析结果与传统大型SAF-LIBS装置的测量精度相持平。因此本高重频声光门控SAF-LIBS装置不仅有效地屏蔽了光学厚等离子体中的连续背景辐射和谱线加宽，同时具备小型化、低成本、高可靠性的优点，有助于推动SAF-LIBS技术由实验室走向工业应用。

With ultrafast laser systems reaching presently 10 PW peak power or operating at high repetition rates, research towards ensuring the long-term, trouble-free performance of all laser-exposed optical components is critical. Our work is focused on providing insight into the optical material behavior at fluences below the standardized laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) value by implementing a simultaneous dual analysis of surface emitted particles using a Langmuir probe (LP) and the target current (TC). ${\mathrm{HfO}}_2$ and ${\mathrm{ZrO}}_2$ thin films deposited on fused silica substrates by pulsed laser deposition at various ${\mathrm{O}}_2$ pressures for defect and stoichiometry control were irradiated by Gaussian, ultrashort laser pulses (800 nm, 10 Hz, 70 fs) in a wide range of fluences. Both TC and LP collected signals were in good agreement with the existing theoretical description of laser–matter interaction at an ultrashort time scale. Our approach for an in situ LIDT monitoring system provides measurable signals for below-threshold irradiation conditions that indicate the endurance limit of the optical surfaces in the single-shot energy scanning mode. The LIDT value extracted from the LP-TC system is in line with the multipulse statistical analysis done with ISO 21254-2:2011(E). The implementation of the LP and TC as on-shot diagnostic tools for optical components will have a significant impact on the reliability of next-generation ultrafast and high-power laser systems.

激光诱导等离子体刻蚀技术在蓝宝石表面微结构制作方面具有独特的优势。通过控制变量法研究了激光能量密度、靶材和蓝宝石之间的距离和扫描速度对激光诱导等离子体加工蓝宝石微槽的微观形貌和几何尺寸的影响规律。通过正交试验研究了激光诱导等离子体工艺参数对蓝宝石表面微结构接触角的影响，发现扫描线间距对接触角的影响最大，靶材和蓝宝石之间的距离和激光能量密度次之，扫描速度的影响最小。当激光能量密度为6.3 J/cm²，扫描线间距为200 μm，靶材和蓝宝石之间的距离为150 μm，扫描速度为10 mm/s时，蓝宝石表面微结构的接触角为136°，表现出良好的疏水性；当激光能量密度为7.4 J/cm²，扫描线间距为50 μm，靶材和蓝宝石之间的距离为100 μm，扫描速度为5 mm/s时，蓝宝石表面微结构的接触角为29°，具有较好的亲水性，并且长时间放置后表面接触角基本保持不变。通过扫描电镜观察发现，蓝宝石表面的微结构上分布着许多纳米颗粒，这些微纳结构共同影响蓝宝石的润湿性。

针对商用低精度惯性测量单元具有高成本、制造工艺复杂、废弃后污染环境、不能生物降解等缺点，提出一种低成本、可生物降解的木制惯性测量单元。该设计包含平衡振子和非平衡振子单元，分别用于测量3轴加速度和3轴角加速度。采用激光诱导石墨烯的工艺在木梁上制备应变传感器阵列，并形成多组惠斯顿电桥测量电路。结果表明：加速度方面，X轴灵敏度为0.006 mV/g，Y轴灵敏度为8.695×10^-4 mV/g，Z轴灵敏度为0.200 mV/g；角加速度方面，X轴灵敏度为0.285 mV/（rad/s²），绕Y轴旋转的灵敏度为0.305 mV/（rad/s²），绕Z轴旋转的灵敏度为0.765 mV/（rad/s²）。与有限单元法仿真结果对比，实验测量误差在10%以内，且具有良好的重复测量精度。该惯性测量单元在木制船舶、木制载具、木制家具等方面具有潜在的应用前景。