光学下变频技术可将宽频带内全部电磁信号同时下变频到低频区间进行接收，是一种新型宽频带电磁环境快速接收技术。但是，获取的光学下变频信号中包含源个数未知、带宽不同的多种信号，现有信号分离方法需要获知源信号的个数，且无法同时分离窄带信号和宽带信号。为实现对光学下变频信号的自动分离，提出了一种基于变分模态分解（VMD）自适应模态重组的光学下变频信号分离方法。通过频谱分割因子和频谱包络检测，对光学下变频信号的VMD过分解模态进行自动重组和信号重组模态提取，实现光学下变频信号分离。对于包含普通脉冲信号、宽带码分多址（WCDMA）信号和线性调频脉冲信号的光学下变频信号，可自动实现对三种信号的分离，且与原信号的相似系数均高于0.97。实验结果表明，所提及方法在分离光学下变频信号时无需获知源信号的个数，并能同时分离具有不同带宽的多种源信号。

提出融合变分模态分解（VMD）和自编码器的预测方法，将温升特性曲线分解成若干个子信号分量，其中包含高频的波动量、中间量和低频的趋势量，然后利用自编码器对每个分量进行预测，最后将分量的预测值相加，从而实现对PIN二极管温升特性曲线的精准预测。通过与多种机器学习方法的对比验证了结合VMD分解可有效提升预测精度，同时也验证了自编码器在特性曲线拟合上的优势。

In this paper, we present a fast mode decomposition method for few-mode fibers, utilizing a lightweight neural network called MobileNetV3-Light. This method can quickly and accurately predict the amplitude and phase information of different modes, enabling us to fully characterize the optical field without the need for expensive experimental equipment. We train the MobileNetV3-Light using simulated near-field optical field maps, and evaluate its performance using both simulated and reconstructed near-field optical field maps. To validate the effectiveness of this method, we conduct mode decomposition experiments on a few-mode fiber supporting six linear polarization (LP) modes (LP01, LP11e, LP11o, LP21e, LP21o, LP02). The results demonstrate a remarkable average correlation of 0.9995 between our simulated and reconstructed near-field light-field maps. And the mode decomposition speed is about 6 ms per frame, indicating its powerful real-time processing capability. In addition, the proposed network model is compact, with a size of only 6.5 MB, making it well suited for deployment on portable mobile devices.

Four-channel off-axis holography is proposed to simultaneously understand the polarization states and the mode coefficients of linearly polarized (LP) modes in few-mode fiber. Far-field off-axis holograms in the four polarization directions of the fiber laser were acquired at the same moment through a four-channel holographic device. The weights, the relative phase differences, and the polarization parameters of the vector fiber laser mode can be solved simultaneously. The simulated and experimental mode analysis of the laser output by 1060-XP fiber with 6 LP modes at 632.8 nm is conducted, which shows that the similarity of the total intensity distribution of the laser before and after mode analysis is above 0.97. The mode polarization states, the mode weights, and the relative phase differences of the few-mode laser can be determined simultaneously in a single shot by four-channel off-axis holography.