为观察普洱茶提取物对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠脂肪组织中黑皮素受体-4(MC4R)基因表达的影响, 进一步探讨普洱茶抗肥胖的相关机制, 本试验将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、高脂饲料组、高脂饲料+普洱茶提取物干预组, 构建单纯性肥胖模型。每周测量大鼠体重, 3个月试验结束后测量大鼠终末体重、脂肪组织重量, 检测甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)等血脂水平。提取大鼠附睾脂肪组织, 采用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和免疫印迹试验(Western blot)检测肥胖相关基因MC4R mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。结果显示: 普洱茶能显著减轻高脂饮食大鼠体重和脂肪组织重量, 降低体脂比, 并降低各项血脂水平; 普洱茶提取物能显著上调MC4R基因和蛋白的表达。这表明普洱茶提取物具有减肥降脂作用, 其分子机制可能与上调肥胖重要调节因子MC4R有关。

Recent studies have suggested a link between executive function (EF) and obesity. Studies often adopt body mass index (BMI), which reflects the distribution of subcutaneous fat, as the sole marker of obesity; however, BMI is inappropriate to distinguish central obesity, which indicates the centralized distribution of visceral fat. Visceral fat compared with subcutaneous fat represents greater relative lipid turnover and may increase the risk of cognitive decline in older adults. However, the relationship between EF and central obesity is largely unknown, particularly in young adults. Therefore, we used waist circumference (WC) as a marker of central obesity and investigated different sensitivities between BMI and WC in the brain function. A total of 26 healthy young adults (aged 18 25 years; 42% female) underwent functional near-infrared spectroscopy assessments. EF was assessed using the Stroop task, which is a classical measurement of EF. A significant Stroop effect was observed in the behavioral and hemodynamic data. In addition, we observed that behavioral interference on the Stroop task varied much more in subjects with higher BMI and WC than those subjects with lower. Elevated BMI and WC were associated with a decreased hemodynamic response during the Stroop task specifically in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Compared to BMI, WC was more closely connected with inhibitory control and revealed right lateralized PFC activation. Our findings suggest that WC is a reliable indicator of brain function in young adults and propose a relationship between EF and central obesity.

目的: 调查分析人体测量学参数包括体重指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、臀围(HC)、腰围/臀围比(WHR)及腰围/身高比(WHtR)对南昌地区青少年空腹血糖的影响。方法: 在南昌地区进行随机抽样检查731例12-18岁之间的青少年, 测量身高、体重、BMI、WC、HC、WHR、WHtR和空腹血糖, 用SAS软件进行统计分析。结果: 男女性的五项人体测量学指标和空腹血糖间均呈显著正相关, 相关系数为0.14-0.38; 通过主成分分析得到四个主成分, 多重回归分析结果表明联合四个主成分比单独使用其中任何一个更能解释空腹血糖的变异。结论: BMI、WC、HC、WHR、WHtR与男性和女性空腹血糖都有一定相关性, 并且联合这五项测量学指标比单独使用其中任何一个能更精确预测空腹血糖。

This review highlights the recent applications of non-linear optical (NLO) microscopy to study obesity-related health risks. A strong emphasis is given to the applications of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy where multiple non-linear optical imaging modalities including CARS, sum-frequency generation (SFG), and two-photon fluorescence are employed simultaneously on a single microscope platform. Specific examples on applications of NLO microscopy to study lipid-droplet biology, obesity-cancer relationship, atherosclerosis, and lipidrich biological structures are discussed.