组织血氧饱和度（StO2）是检测组织和血液中血液灌注和血液氧合变化的重要指标, 在临床及日常监测中具有重要意义。 高光谱成像以其非接触、 光谱信息丰富等优点, 成为一种评估StO2的新兴手段, 然而高光谱成像设备造价昂贵且操作复杂, 限制了其使用环境及发展。 传统工业相机获取皮肤组织的RGB图像空间分辨率高、 但其光谱分辨率低, 若能提高光谱分辨, 则其实现高精度生理参数测量成为可能。 提出了一种基于RGB图像高光谱重建的StO2评估方法。 该方法基于深度学习方法构建了从RGB图像到皮肤组织高光谱图像的重建模型, 获得了高物理可靠性皮肤组织高光谱图像, 并利用改进的朗伯比尔模型, 实现了区域StO2评估。 采用普通可见光相机与高光谱相机通过捆绑实验同时采集了49位受试者处于不同血液灌注状态下手部的RGB图像与高光谱图像作为数据集。 在对高光谱图像进行降维去噪的基础上, 根据含氧血红蛋白、 脱氧血红蛋白的特征光谱选取了450～600 nm（含31个光谱通道）波段作为重建光谱波段, 构建了基于深度学习的皮肤组织高光谱重建神经网络模型。 实验结果表明, 重建模型获得的皮肤反射光谱与高光谱相机直接采集的反射光谱曲线具有较高的一致性, 测试集中二者的平均绝对误差（MAE）为0.009 38, 均方误差（RMSE）为0.0148 1。 之后对重建模型得到的区域StO2测量结果与高光谱相机得到的测量结果二者的相似性进行了定量评估, 测试集样本中两种方法生成StO2空间分布图的二维相关系数均处于可靠范围内（大于94%）, 表明了本文提出的基于可见光图像高光谱重建的StO2评估方法具有较高的可靠性。 该研究利用普通彩色相机实现了区域StO2评估, 为各种疾病的临床诊断和监测提供了一种简单低成本的StO2监测方法。

To date, the clinical use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to detect cerebral ischemia has been largely limited to surgical settings, where motion artifacts are minimal. In this study, we present novel techniques to address the challenges of using NIRS to monitor ambulatory patients with kidney disease during approximately eight hours of hemodialysis (HD) treatment. People with end-stage kidney disease who require HD are at higher risk for cognitive impairment and dementia than age-matched controls. Recent studies have suggested that HDrelated declines in cerebral blood flow might explain some of the adverse outcomes of HD treatment. However, there are currently no established paradigms for monitoring cerebral perfusion in real-time during HD treatment. In this study, we used NIRS to assess cerebral hemodynamic responses among 95 prevalent HD patients during two consecutive HD treatments. We observed substantial signal attenuation in our predominantly Black patient cohort that required probe modifications. We also observed consistent motion artifacts that we addressed by developing a novel NIRS methodology, called the HD cerebral oxygen demand algorithm (HDCODA), to identify episodes when cerebral oxygen demand might be outpacing supply during HD treatment. We then examined the association between a summary measure of time spent in cerebral deoxygenation, derived using the HD-CODA, and hemodynamic and treatment-related variables. We found that this summary measure was associated with intradialytic mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and volume removal. Future studies should use the HD-CODA to implement studies of real-time NIRS monitoring for incident dialysis patients, over longer time frames, and in other dialysis modalities.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a disabling condition characterized by orthostatic intolerance with tachycardia in the absence of drop-in blood pressure. A custom-built near-infrared spectroscopy device (NIRS) is applied to monitor the muscle oxygenation, noninvasively in patients undergoing incremental head-up tilt table (HUT). Subjects (6 POTS patients and 6 healthy controls) underwent 30 mins of 70fl on a HUT. The results showed a significant difference in deoxyhemoglobin (Hb), change-in-oxygenation (ΔO_xy) and blood volume (ΔBV) between patients and healthy controls. However, oxyhemoglobin (HbO₂) showed a significantly faster rate of change in the healthy controls during the first 10 mins of the tilt and during the recovery. This NIRS muscle oximetry tool provides quantitative measurements of blood oxygenation monitoring in diseases such as POTS.

提出了一种基于光谱仪近红外光谱技术(Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, NIRS)的定量无损组织氧检测系统。通过用微型光谱仪代替传统信号接收处理部分，实时测出了光源波长，并用补偿算法抵消了环境的影响。对经过均值和FFT滤波后的输出光谱信号进行运算后，得出了组织氧浓度。用前臂阻断实验验证了组织血氧饱和度(Regional Saturation Of Oxygen, rSO2)测量结果的有效性。结果显示，测量结果与理论相符，表明基于光谱仪的NIRS技术可以较好地应用于监测组织的血氧饱和度，其适应性比传统方法更强。

组织氧合作用和光敏剂应用在疾病诊治中都有着重要的作用, 因此其实时在体无损检测很有意义。光动力疗法涉及光敏剂、光和氧分子三大要素,其疗效受组织氧合作用影响。本文对光声成像(PAI)、光声寿命成像(PALI)和多光谱光声层析成像(MSOT)等光声成像技术在光动力疗法的研究和应用中的使用现状进行了综述。对相关设备系统在检测光敏剂、组织氧分压和微血管损伤等方面的应用原理和技术分别进行了介绍, 并总结了这些技术的应用前景。

The sport performance of swimming athletes in three different levels including 5 national high-level swimming athletes, 5 ordinary swimming athletes and 5 college students was investigated by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Four parameters of muscle oxygenation and blood lactate (BLa) concentration were simultaneously monitored during incremental exercise on the ergometer. It was found that inflection points of muscle oxygenation and BLa concentration were consistent with the human sport capacity. Moreover, inflection points of muscle oxygenation occurred earlier than those of BLa concentration in ordinary athletes and college students. It implies monitoring changes of muscle oxygenation is superior to BLa measurement under this condition, since BLa test has an unavoidable time lag. Significant correlation (r² = 0.948; P<0.05) was observed between inflection points of muscle oxygenation difference and inflection points of BLa concentration on workload. This relationship suggests changes of muscle oxygenation detected by NIRS is beneficial to the evaluation of athletes’ physiologic function and training load. Considering that muscle oxygenation could be in-vivo and non-invasively measured by NIRS, it may be a better indicator of exercise intensity than BLa measurement in the near future.

血管中的血氧饱和度（Oxygen saturation，StO2）作为影响血管靶向光动力疗法（Vascular targeted photodynamic therapy，V-PDT）疗效的关键要素之一，实验测量了活体裸鼠背皮窗模型中血管的漫反射光谱（450-800 nm），并通过拟合漫反射光谱数据定量获得了血管中的StO2。同时，研究了高氧、低氧和常氧等三种不同氧条件下V-PDT中血管的StO2和血管管径的变化情况。结果表明，高氧和常氧条件下的平均StO2和血管收缩较为显著，但低氧组的平均StO2和血管收缩不明显。在相同氧条件和不同光照功率密度条件下，V-PDT前后靶向血管的平均StO2与血管管径的变化之间没有显著相关性，但V-PDT前后平均StO2的变化量与光照功率密度之间呈正相关。

This article presents a historical perspective of foundational studies utilizing near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure the hemodynamics, oxygenation, and activation of the human brain cortex during cognitive tasks, called functional NIRS (fNIRS). It discusses studies representative of the diagnostic power and potential that fNIRS has shown for providing increased understanding of cognitive changes with aging and dementia. It concludes by discussing challenges that continue to confront the implementation of NIRS and fNIRS in clinical and translational research, in particular, the challenges to measure cognitive function and impairment in aged, chronically ill, and fragile subjects with or without dementia. It is written specifically in memoriam, honoring Britton Chance, therefore papers authored by him and his collaborative research family are weighted to illustrate the significant foundation and legacy he has left to this world.