单像素成像使用一系列空间光调制掩模对目标场景进行单像素亚采样，再根据掩模与测量值之间的关联重构出物体图像。这种间接获取图像的方式之所以能保证重建质量，除了有重构算法的功劳，更关键的是测量掩模的构造。随着压缩感知理论的引入，随机掩模进入人们视野，但它让测量变得盲目，缺乏针对性，而且这种掩模不便于存储和计算，极大限制了空间像素分辨率。哈达玛基掩模因其结构化特征使快速计算成为可能，且方便存储和提取，近年来得到广泛关注，已发展出诸多哈达玛基掩模优化排序方法，这些方法已被证明能大幅降低采样率。本综述系统地梳理了这类方法的设计框架和前沿进展，展望了确定性掩模构造的未来发展趋势，可为后续的研究工作提供有益的借鉴和指导。

提出了一种严格的非线性成像测量大数值孔径（NA=0.55）变倍率极紫外光刻（EUVL）投影物镜偏振像差的方法。首先在变倍率极紫外（EUV）严格矢量成像模型基础上，通过建立偏振像差与空间像频谱的非线性关系，得到非线性超定方程组，并提出一种同步旋转测量的方法，通过构建和训练深度神经网络算法求解严格非线性超定方程组，实现了EUV投影物镜偏振像差琼斯光瞳的高精度快速测量。仿真结果表明，测量精度达到了10^-4λ（λ为波长）量级，该技术将支撑3~7 nm技术节点EUVL质量的在线监控。

单像素成像借助多次掩模调制和单像素测量值计算获得目标物体的多维光场信息,其降维亚采样、高灵敏探测、谱型适应性等特点为非可视波段成像、极弱光探测、激光雷达等领域带来了福音。当面向动态场景时,单运动帧内多次单像素测量与物体的运动之间存在矛盾,引发图像模糊和噪声问题。针对上述问题,介绍了单像素成像的数学模型及其成像机理,综述了动态单像素成像的发展历程及应用现状,尤其是研究人员在提高成像帧频、改进成像方案或者成像机理方面取得的长足进展;讨论了动态单像素成像目前存在的问题,思考和展望了未来的发展趋势,以期为该领域进一步的科学研究提供有益参考。

关联成像以其非定域性、抗干扰能力强等特点得到研究人员的广泛关注,在三维成像、遥感成像、生物医疗、****等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本综述根据发展阶段的不同,详细介绍了纠缠双光子关联成像、(赝)热光关联成像和计算关联成像的发展历程及应用现状,尤其是近年来微光相机(ICCD)的出现为关联成像发展带来的促进作用及最新进展。针对热光关联成像的物理本质进行了简单的讨论,对关联成像的实际应用进行了展望。

合成孔径激光雷达（SAL）能实现远距离目标的高分辨成像，但是，其测绘带宽一般很小，不利于其在对地观测中的应用。针对这一问题，给出了宽测绘带SAL 实际成像范围的建议，具体研究了采用方位向短、距离向长的非对称光斑照明实现宽测绘带SAL 的成像处理问题。采用波动光学衍射理论，给出了这种宽测绘带SAL 的详细成像理论描述和数学仿真成像演示。结果表明，由于光学的短波长特性，非对称光斑照明的宽测绘带SAL 也近似遵循基本SAL图像形成方法：傅里叶变换实现距离压缩，匹配滤波实现方位图像聚焦。

Some mathematical and conceptual errors contained in a recent letter [Chin. Opt. Lett. 7, 938 (2009)] are pointed out.

This is a reply to the recent comment by Lifeng Li on the paper "Focusing of high polarization order axially-symmetric polarized beams [Chin. Opt. Lett. 7, 938 (2009)]". We analyze the errors pointed out by the comment, further perfect the mathematical expressions, and present a numerical simulation at last.

We study the high numerical aperture focusing properties and typical applications of axially-symmetric polarized beams (ASPBs) with high polarization orders. We calculate the field distribution near focus of an aplanatic system for incident ASPBs with different polarization orders and initial azimuthal angles, and based on the simulation results, we find some unique focusing properties of the beams, such as ever on-axis energy null, strong longitudinal field, and flowerlike intensity distribution at focus. In addition, we can manipulate the three-dimensional (3D) focused field distribution flexibly by use of diffractive optical elements (DOEs), which will give rise to some interesting applications, and we also discuss possible applications and present an example of a 3D optical chain at last.

A microscope image formation model based on scalar diffraction and Fourier optics has been developed, which takes a slant angle between the optical axis and the observed surface into account. The theoretical investigations of the imaging of line structures using this model show that reflection type microscopes are much stronger influenced by the slant angle than transmission type microscopes. In addition, the slant angle changes the image contrast and the image shape of a line structure, especially its edge. The larger the slant angle, the stronger the decrease of the image contrast, and the less steep the edge slope in both types of microscopes. Furthermore, the larger the numerical aperture of the objective, the less the effect of the slant angle on the line image shape.

对电弧光的干扰进行了深入的研究,建立了电弧干扰的光照模型;依据透视变换理论,给出了光源倾斜照射和摄像机倾斜接收情况下,被检测物体与摄像机之间的一般坐标变换数学模型。这两个模型对结构光传感器的设计具有非常重要的指导意义,基于这两个模型设计的结构光传感已在自动焊接实验中获得了成功的应用。