惯性约束聚变高功率固体激光装置研制对大口径光学元件提出了全频段精度控制指标要求, 以及高效率、批量化制造需求。本文围绕“超精密、确定性”强激光光学元件全流程制造方法, 总结了近几年大口径强激光光学元件超精密制造技术取得的重要进展, 重点介绍了单点金刚石超精密切削技术、非球面超精密数控磨削技术、确定性抛光技术等一系列关键技术, 以及相关工艺及装备在强激光光学元件批量制造流程线中的应用情况。

从惯性约束聚变系统高功率固体激光驱动器中具有典型意义的大口径激光传输反射镜的装配结构及其面形精度特点出发，对其波前误差进行了精细化建模分析，分别研究了粗糙度、纹波度和轮廓度的波前误差模型。在此基础上，进一步针对如何在装校过程中将装配应力产生的波前误差控制在合理范围内的问题，提出了方均根梯度与峰谷值相结合的波前误差评价和控制方法，并通过实验验证了其可行性，以期为我国神光-III主机装置大口径反射镜装校过程中波前误差控制提供科学指导方法。

从激光器热效应出发, 由热效应的产生、危害以及解决方案入手, 分类详细阐述了薄片激光器、热容激光器、板条激光器以及光纤激光器的基本原理及其在高功率输出方面的进展。以激光**作为实际应用典例, 综述了近年来各国激光**的项目概况及进展, 在此基础上提出了高功率固体激光器的发展趋势, 即运行维护成本低、结构紧凑及无人机装载应用, 阐述了复合结构激光器的发展优势及其趋势。

从惯性约束核聚变(ICF)装置中具有重要作用的大口径激光传输反射镜出发, 基于中国神光-Ⅲ主机装置的工程实践, 分析了大口径激光传输反射镜夹持工艺的技术现状和难点, 建立了大口径反射镜受夹持力变形的通用力学模型, 提出了基于挠性零件的全新低应力夹持工艺, 并利用有限元仿真和现场实验相结合的方法对挠性零件的力学特性进行了工艺效果验证。基于挠性零件的特点设计了新的全口径反射镜组件, 对比研究了新旧工艺下夹持力对面形畸变(波前误差)的影响。最后, 结合全新反射镜组件和夹持诱导畸变数值解耦方法构建了更加高效的完整装配工艺流程。该研究对解决大口径光学元件夹持诱导变形这一难题具有重要意义, 有望为建设下一代ICF装置提供更加高效、可靠的技术方案。

To overcome the problem of cleanliness in the laser′s internal cavity, a glass cavity design for a Nd: glass slab amplifier was proposed, which uses UV-stop quartz glass for its main structure.The design of the main structure of the glass cavity and the sealing are optimized, and metal-coated surfaces are used to prevent light from escaping.The cleanliness of the stainless steel cavity of the slab amplifier of the SG-II-UP laser and the glass cavity of a 100 slab amplifier were compared; the cleanliness of the glass cavity was found to be 70% better than that of the stainless cavity. Further, advanced system analysis program was used to simulate the designed amplifier, with the pumping ratio of the Nd: glass in the glass cavity being increased by 8.84%.Thus, the glass cavity decreases the production of aerosols and enhances the pumping ratio of the Nd∶glass.

To overcome the problem of cleanliness in the laser′s internal cavity, a glass cavity design for a Nd: glass slab amplifier was proposed, which uses UV-stop quartz glass for its main structure.The design of the main structure of the glass cavity and the sealing are optimized, and metal-coated surfaces are used to prevent light from escaping.The cleanliness of the stainless steel cavity of the slab amplifier of the SG-II-UP laser and the glass cavity of a 100 slab amplifier were compared; the cleanliness of the glass cavity was found to be 70% better than that of the stainless cavity. Further, advanced system analysis program was used to simulate the designed amplifier, with the pumping ratio of the Nd: glass in the glass cavity being increased by 8.84%.Thus, the glass cavity decreases the production of aerosols and enhances the pumping ratio of the Nd∶glass.

预放系统 20 kJ能源是为激光预放大器棒状氙灯提供泵浦脉冲的能源系统, 是神光 -Ⅲ主机高功率固体激光装置的重要组成部分。预放 20 kJ系统能源触发放电的稳定性严重制约预放系统的调试效率和正式的激光打靶效率。针对预放能源系统在与 A1/A2/A3光束组预放系统棒状放大器联合调试过程中发现存在提前放电、放电不同步和不放电等问题, 开展了预放 20 kJ能源系统触发放电的稳定性研究, 提出了相应的解决措施并通过试验验证, 将 20 kJ能源系统触发放电的稳定性大幅提高。

从惯性约束聚变系统高功率固体激光驱动器中具有典型意义的大口径激光传输反射镜的装配结构及其技术精度特点出发，分析了其关键面形误差指标的形成原理，研究了反射镜单元的装配预紧基本力学模型。并在此基础上，进一步针对空间安装状态的反射镜面形无法精密检测难题，提出了“精密检测—数值建模”相综合的面形误差分析与预测方法，以期为我国“神光-III”主机装置大口径反射镜的集成化装校工程提供科学指导方法及有力的技术工具。