大气粒子多角度散射特性包括散射函数及散射相 矩阵 (也称“Müeller矩阵"), 两者不仅是辐射传输模拟的基本输入参数, 同时也是大气粒子微物理性质的载体。由于其基础性地位, 大气粒子多角度散射特性测量技术一直是大气科学领域的研究热点。对大气粒子散射函数及 Müeller 矩阵测量技术的研究现状进行了综述, 主要内容包括以下四个方面: (1) 从大气粒子微物理特征的不确定性、数值计算方法的局限性和复杂性出发, 分析了大气粒子光散射研究中存在的困难, 指出发展大气粒子散射函数及Müeller矩阵测量技术的必要性; (2) 概述了可见近红外波段的多角度散射观测技术研究现状, 将可见近红外波段测量仪器分平面旋转接收型、固定接收型和镜面反射型三类, 重点讨论了不同设计方案的优缺 点; (3) 介绍了基于微波比拟技术测量单粒子散射特性的研究现状及其优势和劣势; (4) 总结了多角度散射特性测量技术研究中存在的问题, 并展望了多角度散射测量技术的发展方向。本工作可为后续的大气粒子光散射测量技术研究提供一定参考。

The multi-angle scattering properties of atmospheric particles includes scattering function and scattering matrix (also known as “Müeller matrix"), which are not only the basic parameters for unpolarized and polarized radiative transfer simulation, but also the information carriers of the microphysical properties of atmospheric particles. Because of its fundamental position, how to obtain the scattering characteristics of aerosol has become an international hot spot of atmospheric research. The actuality and progress of the measurement techniques of the scattering function and Müeller matrix are reviewed, and the main content can be divided into four parts, as shown in the following: (1) Thechallenge and necessity of developing the measurement techniques of the multi-angle scattering properties are pointed out by analyzing the uncertainty of aerosol micro-physical properties and the limitation and complexity of the existed scattering theory. (2) The multi-angle scattering measurement techniques at visible-infrared band are described concisely, where the measurement instruments and prototypes of scattering function and Müeller matrix are grouped into three types according to their design principles, and the development progress, advantages and disadvantages of the different types of design are analyzed as well. (3) The research status, advantages and disadvantages of the measurement techniques in microwave band are introduced briefly. (4) The existing problems in the multi-angle scattering properties measurement techniques are summarized, and the corresponding research hot spots and development trend are prospected. This work can provide a reference for the further study of the multi-angle scattering properties of the atmospheric particles.