超声电机的预压力特性分析与优化

预压力是保证超声电机定转子摩擦驱动的关键因素, 开展预压力特性分析及优化方法研究对于提升电机性能及使用寿命具有重要意义。本文通过仿真分析了预压力对接触角及驱动区占比的影响,实验测试了预压力变化时的速度波动规律,并绘制了在不同预压力和转矩下的速度与效率曲面; 借助编码器与薄膜温度传感器获取了不同预压力条件下电机工作200 s的速度与定子界面温度的变化过程。综合上述分析结果, 提出了一种面对不同应用场合的预压力优化准则, 确定了预压力的理想工作区间。实验结果表明, 伴随着预压力的增长, 接触区与驱动区同步扩展, 同时驱动区占比逐步减小, 在一定程度上能减小速度波动, 电机最大效率点逐渐向大转矩方向移动, 且机械效率在某个预压力下存在最高值, 而界面温升则呈现先增大、后减小再增大的趋势。根据所提出的优化准则确定出TRUM60A型超声电机预压力较为理想的工作区间为260~320 N, 在该预压力范围内, 超声电机既能较好地满足低速稳定、温升小的要求, 又能使制动力矩和机械效率达到理想范围。

Abstract

Preload force is a key factor for ensuring the frictional drive of the stator and rotor of an ultrasonic motor. In this paper, the influence of the preload force on the proportion of the contact antenna and driving area is first analyzed through simulation. The velocity fluctuation law of different preload forces is tested experimentally. The velocity and efficiency surfaces under different preload and torque are measured and plotted. With the help of the encoder and film temperature sensor, the changing process of the speed and stator interface temperature of the motor under different preload force was obtained. Based on the above analytical results, a preload force optimization criterion for different applications is proposed, and the ideal working range of the preload force is determined. With the growth of preload force, the contact area is synchronized with the drive area, while the speed of the driving area decreases and the speed fluctuation of the motor is somewhat reduced, the maximum efficiency of the motor occurs at a larger torque. Moreover, the highest rate of mechanical efficiency is at a certain preload force, temperature rise of the interface increases, and surface temperature rise fluctuates. According to the analysis results, the proposed optimization criterion determined that the ideal working preload force range for the TRUM60A ultrasonic motor is 260-320 N. The preload force in this range enables the ultrasonic motor to meet the requirements of low speed stability and small temperature rise, and achieve the ideal range of braking torque and mechanical efficiency.

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