电子-声子耦合常数不仅可以反映出分子中π电子离域程度的强弱, 有效共轭长度的大小, 同时也可以表征分子中的原子和电子在外界环境作用下的相互振动耦合程度的强弱。 在一些研究中电子-声子耦合常数被定义为无量纲的系数。 应用R.Tubino等引用的一种有量纲的电子-声子耦合常数, 建立其与黄昆因子的关系式, 进而可以计算出共轭键中单个振动模的数值。 压强对多烯分子吸收光谱、 拉曼光谱频移影响的研究已有报道, 但对拉曼散射截面、 黄昆因子、 电子-声子耦合常数的研究还没有报道。 测量了β胡萝卜素分子在二硫化碳溶液中0.04～0.60 GPa的压强范围内的紫外-可见吸收光谱和共振拉曼光谱。 实验结果表明, 随着压强的增加, CS2溶液中的β胡萝卜素分子的紫外-可见吸收光谱的吸收带发生明显的红移现象, 而拉曼光谱的特征谱线却发生蓝移的现象, 拉曼散射截面减小, 电子-声子耦合常数增加。 其机理是随着压强的增加, β胡萝卜素分子被压缩又结构有序性下降, 导致电子能隙变窄, 有效共轭长度变短, π电子离域范围减小, 拉曼散射截面减小, 黄昆因子、 电子-声子耦合常数增加。

The present paper cited that R.Tubino and other people introduced a kind of electron-phonon coupling constants with dimension, which can establish the relation with the Huang-Rhys factor and calculate the electron-phonon coupling constants of every C—C bond vibration mode. There are many reports about the visible absorption and Raman spectra of all-trans-β-carotene with pressure. But the study about the Raman scattering cross section and the Huang-Rhys factor with pressure have not been reported now. Visible absorption and Raman spectra of all-trans-β-carotene were measured in carbon disulfide in the pressure range from 0.04 to 0.60 GPa. The results indicated that the visible absorption spectra of β-carotene in nonpolar solvent carbon disulfide are red-shifted with pressure increasing, but the frequency shifts towards higher frequencies in the Raman spectra, the Raman scattering cross section decreases, Huang-Rhys factor increases, and the electron-phonon coupling constants of CC bond vibration modes increase. The mechanism is that all-trans-β-carotene caused by compression and a decrease in the structurally ordered properties of the molecules leads to narrow energy gap of the π, shortens effective conjugation length, hinders delocalization of π-electron, decreases the Raman scattering cross section, and increases the Huang-Rhys factor and the electron-phonon coupling constants.