3 μm中红外稀土掺杂光纤激光器研究进展 下载: 2285次特邀综述
Research Progress of Mid-Infrared Rare Earth Ion-Doped Fiber Lasers at 3 μm
图 & 表
图 1. Er3+简化能级跃迁图
Fig. 1. Simplified energy-level transition diagram of Er3+
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图 2. Ho3+简化能级跃迁图
Fig. 2. Simplified energy-level transition diagram of Ho3+
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图 3. Dy3+简化能级跃迁图
Fig. 3. Simplified energy-level transition diagram of Dy3+
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图 4. 基于黑磷饱和吸收体的2.8 μm脉冲全光纤激光器[98]
Fig. 4. 2.8 μm pulsed all-fiber laser based on black phosphorus saturable absorber[98]
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图 5. 基于NPR技术的3 μm锁模运转Ho3+/Pr3+共掺光纤激光器[134]。(a)激光器结构;(b) 3 μm锁模激光光谱;(c) 3 μm锁模激光脉冲自相关后的序列
Fig. 5. 3 μm mode-locked Ho3+/Pr3+ co-doped fiber laser based on NPR technique[134]. (a) Structure of laser; (b) optical spectra of 3 μm mode-locked fiber laser; (c) pulse train of 3 μm mode-locked fiber laser after autocorrelation
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图 6. 小型化可调谐3 μm中红外光纤激光器的构成。(a)激光器的照片;(b)激光器的结构示意图;(c)光纤端面镀膜镜M1的照片;(d)光纤端面镀膜镜M2在显微镜下的图像;(e)光纤端面镀膜镜的光学透射谱曲线
Fig. 6. Composition of 3 μm miniaturized wavelength-tunable mid-infrared fiber laser. (a) Photograph of laser; (b) structural diagram of laser; (c) photograph of fiber end-facet mirror M1; (d) microscopic image of fiber end-facet mirror M2; (e) optical transmission spectrum of fiber end-facet mirror
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图 7. 损耗调节装置的结构和原理。(a)损耗调节装置; (b)大损耗状态;(c)中等损耗状态;(d)低损耗状态
Fig. 7. Structure and principle of loss-adjusting device. (a) Loss-adjusting device; (b) large loss; (c) moderate loss; (d) low loss
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图 8. 连续光运转3 μm可调谐全光纤激光器的实验结果。(a)中红外激光输出光谱(插图:3 μm激光窄范围高精度光谱);(b) 3 μm激光的调谐光谱
Fig. 8. Experimental results of 3 μm wavelength-tunable all-fiber laser under continuous light running. (a) Output optical spectrum of mid-infrared laser (Inset is zoom-in view of 3 mm laser spectrum); (b) wavelength-tunable spectra of 3 μm laser
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图 9. 3 μm自调Q激光在207.7 mW抽运功率下的特征。(a)输出光谱(插图:3 μm激光的窄范围高精度光谱);(b)脉冲序列(插图:单脉冲包络)
Fig. 9. Characteristics of 3 μm self-Q-switching operation at pump power of 207.7 mW. (a) Output optical spectrum (inset: a zoom-in view of 3 μm laser spectrum); (b) pulse sequence (inset: single pulse envelope)
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图 10. 抽运功率固定为207.7 mW,3 μm自调Q激光脉冲的波长可调谐研究。(a) 3 μm激光波长调谐光谱;(b)不同调谐波长处的脉冲宽度、重复频率和平均输出功率(插图:2943 nm处的自调Q脉冲序列)
Fig. 10. Research on the 3 μm wavelength-tunable self-Q-switched fiber laser at a fixed pump power of 207.7 mW. (a) Wavelength-tunable spectra of 3 μm fiber laser; (b) pulse width, repetition rate, and average output power at different tunable wavelengths (inset: self-Q-switching pulse sequence at 2943 nm)
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表 13 μm光纤激光器输出功率提升的典型报道
Table1. Typical reports on improvement of output power of 3-μm fiber lasers
Year | Gain ion | Pumpwavelength /nm | Outputpower /W | Slopeefficiency /% | Laserwavelength / μm | Reference |
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1988 | Er3+ | 476.5 | - | - | 2.7 | [7] | 1990 | Er3+ | 792 | 330×10-6 | 3 | 2.71-2.78 | [10] | 1995 | Er3+ | 791 | 158×10-3 | 22.6 | 2.71 | [21] | 1999 | Er3+/Pr3+ | 790 | 1.7 | 17.3 | 2.71 | [29] | 2004 | Er3+ | 976 | 3.5 | - | 2.8 | [39] | 2007 | Er3+ | 975 | 9 | 21.3 | 2.785 | [41] | 2009 | Er3+ | 975 | 24 | 14.5 | 2.8 | [47] | 2015 | Er3+ | 980 | 30.5 | 16 | 2.938×10-3 | [64] | 2018 | Er3+ | 980 | 41.6 | 22.9 | 2.824×10-3 | [91] | 1990 | Ho3+ | 640 | 12.6×10-3 | 4.4 | 2.83-2.95 | [102] | 1999 | Ho3+ | 1150 | 1.4 | 30 | - | [105] | 2004 | Ho3+ | 1100 | 2.5 | 29 | 2.86 | [109] | 2015 | Ho3+ | 1150 | 7.2 | 29 | 2.83×10-3-2.98×10-3 | [130] | 2003 | Dy3+ | 1100 | 0.275 | 4.5 | 2.9 | [153] | 2006 | Dy3+ | 1300 | 0.18 | 20 | 2.96 | [154] | 2018 | Dy3+ | 2830 | 1.06 | 73 | 3.15 | [162] | 2019 | Dy3+ | 2830 | 10.1 | 58 | 3.24 | [165] |
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表 23 μm调Q光纤激光器的典型报道
Table2. Typical reports on 3 μm Q-switched fiber lasers
Year | Gain ion | Average outputpower /mW | Minimum pulseduration /ns | Laserwavelength /nm | Q-switch | Reference |
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1994 | Er3+ | 0.5 | 100 | 2700 | AOM | [15] | 2011 | Er3+ | 12400 | 90 | 2800 | AOM | [52] | 2012 | Ho3+/Pr3+ | 720 | 78 | 2867 | AOM | [118] | 2012 | Ho3+ | - | 380 | 3005 | AOM | [119] | 2012 | Ho3+ | - | 350 | 3002 | AOM | [120] | 2013 | Ho3+ | 685 | 300 | 2970-3015 | AOM | [126] | 2012 | Er3+ | 318 | 370 | 2780 | Fe2+∶ZnSe | [55] | 2013 | Er3+ | 62 | 2900 | 2783 | Grapnene | [58] | 2015 | Er3+ | 485 | 1180 | 2779 | Black phosphorus | [68] | 2015 | Ho3+ | 327.4 | 1370 | 2979.9 | Bi2Te3 | [133] | 2015 | Ho3+ | 337 | 1230 | 2919.1-3004.2 | Fe2+∶ZnSe | [132] | 2016 | Er3+ | 4200 | 2290 | 2786.8 | SESAM | [77] | 2016 | Er3+ | 856 | 1300 | 2791.2 | Bi2Te3 | [80] | 2016 | Er3+ | 822 | 742 | 2780 | Fe2+∶ZnSe | [82] | 2016 | Ho3+ | 308.7 | 2410 | 2970.3 | Black phosphorus | [135] | 2016 | Ho3+/Pr3+ | 48.4 | 1730 | 286.7 | WS2 | [136] | 2017 | Er3+ | 5160 | 400 | 2762.5-2852.5 | Fe2+∶ZnSe | [90] | 2018 | Er3+ | 260 | 880 | 2762-2824 | Bi2Te3 | [94] | 2019 | Er3+ | 485 | 612 | 2780 | Gold nanobipyramids | [101] | 2018 | Ho3+/Pr3+ | 21.5 | 2000 | 2864.2 | Bi2O2Se | [148] | 2019 | Ho3+/Pr3+ | 30.8 | 2180 | 2834.5-2881.0 | LAR-GNRs | [150] |
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表 33 μm锁模光纤激光器的典型报道
Table3. Typical reports on 3 μm mode-locked fiber lasers
Year | Gain ion | Average outputpower /mW | Pulseduration /fs | Laserwavelength /nm | Mode-locker | Reference |
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2012 | Er3+ | 51 | 19000 | 2780 | Fe2+∶ZnSe | [56] | 2012 | Ho3+/Pr3+ | 132 | 24000 | 2870 | SESAM | [122] | 2014 | Er3+ | 440 | 60000 | 2797 | SESAM | [59] | 2014 | Ho3+/Pr3+ | 70 | 6000 | 2859.5 | InAs | [128] | 2015 | Er3+ | 44 | 207 | 2805 | NPR | [63] | 2015 | Er3+ | 206 | 497 | 2793 | NPR | [65] | 2015 | Er3+ | 1000 | 25000 | 2780 | SESAM | [69] | 2016 | Er3+ | 2000 | 160 | 2800-3600 | NPR | [72] | 2016 | Er3+ | 613 | 42000 | 2783 | Black phosphorus | [78] | 2016 | Er3+ | 18 | 42000 | 2784.5 | Graphene | [83] | 2016 | Ho3+/Pr3+ | 327 | 180 | 2900 | NPR | [134] | 2016 | Ho3+/Pr3+ | 87.8 | 8600 | 2866.7 | Black phosphorus | [135] | 2017 | Ho3+/Pr3+ | 127.7 | 22000 | 2842.2-2876.2 | SESAM | [142] | 2017 | Ho3+/Pr3+ | - | 70 | 2860 | NPR | [143] | 2018 | Er3+ | 6.2 | - | 2771.1 | Black phosphorus | [98] | 2019 | Er3+ | - | 270 | 2800 | NPR | [71] | 2019 | Ho3+/Pr3+ | 300 | 4700 | 2860 | FSF | [151] | 2019 | Dy3+ | 120 | 33000 | 2970-3300 | FSF | [164] | 2019 | Dy3+ | 204 | 828 | 3083 | NPR | [166] |
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表 43 μm增益开关光纤激光器的典型报道
Table4. Typical reports on 3 μm gain-switched fiber lasers
Year | Gain ion | Average outputpower /mW | Minimum pulseduration /ns | Pulseenergy /μJ | Laserwavelength /nm | Reference |
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2001 | Er3+ | - | 200 | 1900 | 2700-2770 | [35] | 2011 | Er3+ | 2000 | 307 | - | About 2800 | [51] | 2012 | Ho3+ | - | 270 | 6.1 | 3002 | [120] | 2014 | Er3+ | 40 | 1180 | 4.2 | About 2800 | [61] | 2017 | Er3+ | 4800 | 230 | 37 | 2825.4 | [86] | 2017 | Er3+ | 110 | 661.2 | - | About 2800 | [87] | 2017 | Er3+ | 119.4 | 1550 | 5.97 | 2699-2869.9 | [89] | 2017 | Ho3+ | 262.14 | 824 | 3.28 | 2928.5 | [141] | 2018 | Er3+ | 11200 | 170 | 80 | 2826 | [97] | 2018 | Ho3+ | 389.3 | 1490 | 4.87 | 2895.5-3000.5 | [146] | 2019 | Ho3+ | 136.6 | 2002 | 2.73 | 2971.9 | [152] |
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表 5波长可调谐3 μm光纤激光器的研究报道
Table5. Reports on 3 μm wavelength-tunable fiber lasers
Year | Gain ion | Tuningrange | Outputpower /mW | Workingprincple | Operationmode | Reference |
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1992 | Er3+ | 160 nm (2.67-2.83 μm) | 26 | Diffraction grating | CW | [175] | 2000 | Er3+ | 110 nm (2.7-2.81 μm) | 30 | Diffraction grating | CW | [34] | 2007 | Er3+ | 100 nm (2.705-2.805 μm) | 2000 | Diffraction grating | CW | [42] | 2008 | Er3+/Pr3+ | 100 nm (2.7-2.81 μm) | 1000 | Diffraction grating | CW | [43] | 2010 | Er3+ | 130 nm (2.71-2.84 μm) | 11000 | Diffraction grating | CW | [49] | 2016 | Er3+ | 157 nm (2697-2854 nm) | 260 | Diffraction grating | CW | [74] | 2016 | Er3+ | 62 nm (2762-2824 nm) | 1240 | Diffraction grating | Q-switching | [76] | 2017 | Er3+ | 107.6 nm (2706.2-2813.8 nm) | 473.3 | Diffraction grating | Gain-switching | [89] | 2017 | Er3+ | 100 nm (2.71-2.83 μm) | 110 | Diffraction grating | Gain-switching | [87] | 2017 | Er3+ | 90 nm (2762.5-2852.5 nm) | 5160 | Diffraction grating | Q-switching | [90] | 1990 | Ho3+ | 120 nm (2.83-2.95 μm) | 12.6 | Diffraction grating | CW | [102] | 2011 | Ho3+/Pr3+ | 75 nm (2.825-2.9 μm) | >1000 | Diffraction grating | CW | [115] | 2012 | Ho3+ | 66 nm (2.955-3.021 μm) | 518 | Diffraction grating | CW | [121] | 2013 | Ho3+ | 81 nm (2.95-3.031 μm) | - | Diffraction grating | Q-switching | [126] | 2015 | Ho3+/Pr3+ | 150 nm (2825-2975 nm) | 7200 | Diffraction grating | CW | [130] | 2015 | Ho3+ | 85 nm (2919.1-3004.2 nm) | 337 | Diffraction grating | Q-switching | [132] | 2017 | Ho3+/Pr3+ | 34 nm (2824.2-2976.2 nm) | 127.7 | Diffraction grating | Mode-locking | [142] | 2017 | Ho3+/Pr3+ | 37 nm (2850-2887 nm) | 290 | Fiber Bragg grating | CW | [137] | 2018 | Ho3+ | 105 nm (2895.5-3000.5 nm) | 389.3 | Diffraction grating | Gain-switching | [146] | 2019 | Ho3+/Pr3+ | 50 nm (2.83-2.88 μm) | 30.8 | Diffraction grating | Q-switching | [150] | 2016 | Dy3+ | 400 nm (2.95-3.35 μm) | 30 | Diffraction grating | CW | [157] |
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李维炜, 张小金, 王航, 罗正钱. 3 μm中红外稀土掺杂光纤激光器研究进展[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2019, 56(17): 170605. Weiwei Li, Xiaojin Zhang, Hang Wang, Zhengqian Luo. Research Progress of Mid-Infrared Rare Earth Ion-Doped Fiber Lasers at 3 μm[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2019, 56(17): 170605.