生命体是由大量有机排列的分子组成的，其结构不仅与分子的位置分布有关，还与分子的排列方式和空间取向有关。偏振荧光显微成像技术利用荧光的偏振特性，能够对生物结构的分子取向进行观测和成像，进而从分子层面揭示生命活动的功能和代谢信息，有力推动了生物医学相关领域的研究和发展。本文从偏振荧光成像原理出发，对目前存在的多种偏振荧光显微成像技术进行原理介绍和现状分析，列举了其在生物医学领域的相关应用，讨论了其发展趋势及前景，旨在为该领域的科研人员了解偏振荧光显微成像技术提供参考。

Organisms are composed of molecules typically arranged and oriented in order. The structures of organisms are related to the positional distribution of molecules and their spatial orientation. Polarized fluorescence microscopy (PFM) is such an imaging tool that facilitates the sense and observation of the molecule orientation in biological samples by utilizing fluorescence polarization, enabling the revealing of functional and metabolic information beyond fluorescence intensity provided by more traditional fluorescence microscopy. In this review, we first briefly describe the theory and principle of PFM and then introduce several implementations of PFM on different microscopic modalities. We later summarize its applications in the field of biomedical research and finally discuss its potential future directions.