浙江大学光电科学与工程学院极端光学技术与仪器全国重点实验室，浙江 杭州 310027
生命体是由大量有机排列的分子组成的，其结构不仅与分子的位置分布有关，还与分子的排列方式和空间取向有关。偏振荧光显微成像技术利用荧光的偏振特性，能够对生物结构的分子取向进行观测和成像，进而从分子层面揭示生命活动的功能和代谢信息，有力推动了生物医学相关领域的研究和发展。本文从偏振荧光成像原理出发，对目前存在的多种偏振荧光显微成像技术进行原理介绍和现状分析，列举了其在生物医学领域的相关应用，讨论了其发展趋势及前景，旨在为该领域的科研人员了解偏振荧光显微成像技术提供参考。
偏振荧光显微 偏振调制 分子取向 空间角度传递 超分辨 激光与光电子学进展
2024, 61(6): 0618011
冯超 1,2,3何涛 1,2,3,*施宇智 1,2,3王占山 1,2,3程鑫彬 1,2,3
1 同济大学物理科学与工程学院精密光学工程技术研究所，上海 200092
2 同济大学物理科学与工程学院先进微结构材料教育部重点实验室，上海 200092
3 上海市数字光学前沿科学研究基地，上海 200092
偏振作为光场的基本自由度，在众多光学技术领域中有着十分广泛的应用。光学器件的偏振操控性能常用琼斯矩阵来表示，琼斯矩阵中可控通道数目的多少表征了对应光学器件的偏振调控能力强弱。随着光学技术的蓬勃发展，诸如偏振成像、通信编码、光学加密等前沿应用迫切需要光学器件能够独立调控多个琼斯矩阵通道，同时兼顾小型化。超表面作为由人工亚波长微结构按照特定序列排列而成的平面光学器件，天然具备集成化的优势，且对电磁波具有强大的调控能力，有望在偏振光学器件领域发挥巨大作用。从超表面的相位、振幅调控机理出发，按照可调控的通道数目从少到多对超表面调控琼斯矩阵的发展进行了系统梳理，并对超表面琼斯矩阵调控技术的未来发展进行了展望。
超表面 琼斯矩阵 偏振调控 多功能集成 激光与光电子学进展
2024, 61(1): 0123001
中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所, 陕西 西安 710100
对目标进行更多属性信息的获取, 是光学传感器不断追求的目标。 偏振属性探测和传统光谱成像技术相结合的偏振光谱成像技术具有分辨“异物同谱”、 实现“目标凸显”、 “动态调节”、 “耀斑抑制”的能力, 蕴藏非常重要的应用潜力。 目前的偏振光谱成像系统存在诸多的缺点, 如结构复杂、 体积大、 通道串扰、 多维信息提取繁琐等问题。 针对上述问题, 提出一种基于线性渐变滤光片（LVF）和像素化偏振调制的紧凑型偏振光谱成像方法。 涉及关键技术有: 基于高光谱分辨率需求与短焦距约束, 采用双高斯结构作为初始光学结构, 并通过参数设计进行光学系统的仿真与实现; 采用LVF作为分光元件, 进行参数设计与验证, 与像素化偏振调制探测器在像面上进行耦合, 实现光谱信息与偏振信息同步获取。 基于上述技术路线进行了样机集成, 在实验室暗室对系统样机进行光学指标测试, 最终指标为: 工作波段: 430~880 nm, 空间分辨率: 0.22 mrad, 光谱分辨率为: 10 nm, 四偏振态同步获取, 系统传递函数: 0.547, 偏振探测精度: 89.4%, 光机系统总尺寸: 45 mm×45 mm×80 mm。 在室外进行推扫实验, 成像效果良好, 中心波长不同偏振态下的单色图有较明显的强度变化; 对全局图像进行多维信息提取与融合, 不同地物的特征光谱曲线有明显的波谱差异, 满足预期设计目标。 该方法突破了传统偏振光谱成像技术路线的缺点, 为偏振光谱成像多维信息获取提供了一种新型且有重要应用价值的方法。
偏振成像光谱系统 像素偏振调制 线性渐变滤光 系统耦合 Polarization imaging spectroscopy system Pixel polarization modulation Linear Variable Filter System coupling 光谱学与光谱分析
2023, 43(7): 2082
1 中国科学院微电子研究所光电技术研发中心，北京 100094
2 中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3 常州大学机械与轨道交通学院，江苏 常州 213164
为提高偏振调制激光测距方法精度，针对采样信号存在波形变形问题，提出了基于改进移动最小二乘（IMLS）算法的偏振调制激光测距方法。首先，基于偏振调制测距原理分析了调制信号波形变形产生的原因和频率解算准确度对测距精度的影响；然后，提出了基于IMLS算法的偏振调制激光测距算法，搭建了偏振调制激光测距系统；最后，分析和验证了IMLS算法的权函数、影响半径等参数对测距精度的影响，并对所提算法、摇摆法、最小二乘法进行了测距精度对比分析和验证。实验结果表明：在11.94 m的被测距离下，选用正态加权函数作为权函数，形状参数为3，影响半径为500 kHz时，基于IMLS算法的偏振调制激光测距算法的误差最小，仅为0.111 mm，此方法的测距精度优于摇摆法和最小二乘法。基于IMLS算法的测距方法适用于偏振调制测距系统，可有效提升测距精度。
测量 激光测距 偏振调制 改进移动最小二乘法 极值检测 中国激光
2023, 50(14): 1404003
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
2 Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Green Photonics and Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Metasurfaces have exhibited great capabilities to control electromagnetic waves, and many multifunctional metasurfaces were recently proposed. However, although angle-multiplexed meta-devices were successfully realized in reflection geometries, their transmission-mode counterparts are difficult to achieve due to the additional requirements. Here, we design and fabricate a transmissive angle-multiplexed meta-polarizer in the microwave regime based on a multilayer metasurface. Coupled-mode-theory analyses reveal that the device exhibits distinct angle-dependent transmissive responses under excitations with different polarizations, and such differences are further enhanced by multiple scatterings inside the device. Microwave experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations and theoretical analyses.
metasurfaces angular dispersion multifunctional meta-device polarization modulation Chinese Optics Letters
2023, 21(2): 023603
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
2 Research Center for Intelligent Chips and Devices, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
3 Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P. R. China
4 Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
5 State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement, Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
In this paper, we propose a new fluorescence emission difference microscopy (FED) technique based on polarization modulation. An electro-optical modulator (EOM) is used to switch the excitation beam between the horizontal and vertical polarization states at a high frequency, which leads to solid- and donut-shaped beams after spatial light modulation. Experiment on the fluorescent nanoparticles demonstrates that the proposed method can achieve spatial resolution. Using the proposed system, the dynamic imaging of subcellular structures in living cells over time is achieved.In this paper, we propose a new fluorescence emission difference microscopy (FED) technique based on polarization modulation. An electro-optical modulator (EOM) is used to switch the excitation beam between the horizontal and vertical polarization states at a high frequency, which leads to solid- and donut-shaped beams after spatial light modulation. Experiment on the fluorescent nanoparticles demonstrates that the proposed method can achieve spatial resolution. Using the proposed system, the dynamic imaging of subcellular structures in living cells over time is achieved.
Super-resolution fluorescence emission difference microscopy electro-optical modulator polarization modulation Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences
2022, 15(5): 2250034
1 中国科学院国家天文台，北京 100101
2 中国科学院太阳活动重点实验室，北京 100101
3 中国科学院大学，北京 100049
4 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所，四川 绵阳 621999
向列相液晶可变相位延迟器(LCVR)已逐渐成为空间偏振调制仪器的研究热点，然而，国内没有液晶器件在空间使用的经验，液晶器件在各种空间环境下的适应性如何尚未可知。因此，本团队设计了一套星载向列相液晶相位延迟测试系统，该系统不仅可以在地面的空间力、热模拟环境中测试LCVR的关键性能，还可以搭载在卫星上对LCVR的相位延迟稳定性进行在轨验证。本文首先阐述了LCVR相位延迟的测量方法并实现了光机电系统的优化设计，在此基础上，研究了LCVR在空间力、热模拟环境中的电光性能。研究结果表明：力学试验前后，LCVR的电光性能未发生明显变化；在热试验中，LCVR的相位延迟-电压曲线的稳定性在0.185°以内。本次试验发现LCVR的相位延迟-电压曲线随环境温度呈线性变化，该结果为未来星上数据校准提供了数据支持。最后，在长达9个月的不间断运行测试中，LCVR的相位延迟-电压曲线长周期变化小于1°，标准偏差为0.27°。这表明该液晶试验仪长周期工作性能良好，可以满足在轨测试需求。
测量 向列相液晶 偏振调制 相位延迟 液晶电驱动 中国激光
2022, 49(17): 1704005
黄威 1,2,3林佳本 1,2,3,*侯俊峰 1,2,3张洋 1,2,3[ ... ]王东光 1,2
1 中国科学院 国家天文台，北京 100101
2 中国科学院 中国科学院太阳活动重点实验室，北京 100101
3 中国科学院大学，北京 100049
液晶可变相位延迟器（LCVR）由于其调制速度快、重量轻、无运动部件等特点成为空间光学仪器中新的研究热点。然而，LCVR中的液晶属于高分子材料，其空间适应性有待考核验证。由于地面环境模拟试验无法同时还原太空中的所有参数，因此亟需研制一台符合卫星搭载要求的LCVR空间特性试验仪，来研究液晶器件在真实星载环境下的电光性能（相位延迟-电压曲线稳定性）。本文分析了LCVR延迟测试系统的稳定性，并给出LCVR相位延迟-电压曲线的电子学测量方案。首先使用“零点”标定法设计了高稳定度的LCVR驱动；然后使用变频误差控制法，实现了LCVR的高精度恒温控制。其中LCVR驱动稳定度达到99.3%，LCVR恒温精度最高达到（35±0.1）℃。在此基础上，对整机进行了力、热和电磁兼容试验，结果表明待测LCVR和电子学系统功能稳定，成功完成了LCVR这一首飞器件的空间光电测试系统在我国的首次研制，对液晶的空间化应用有着重要意义。
液晶器件 液晶可变相位延迟器 偏振调制 恒温控制 liquid crystal device LCVR polarization modulation constant temperature control 
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, China
2 Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, China
3 Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, China
4 Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Photoelectric Sensing Application, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, China
5 National Institute of Metrology, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
6 Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
Polarization holography is a newly researched field, that has gained traction with the development of tensor theory. It primarily focuses on the interaction between polarization waves and photosensitive materials. The extraordinary capabilities in modulating the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light have resulted in several new applications, such as holographic storage technology, multichannel polarization multiplexing, vector beams, and optical functional devices. In this paper, fundamental research on polarization holography with linear polarized wave, a component of the theory of polarization holography, has been reviewed. Primarily, the effect of various polarization changes on the linear and nonlinear polarization characteristics of reconstructed wave under continuous exposure and during holographic recording and reconstruction have been focused upon. The polarization modulation realized using these polarization characteristics exhibits unusual functionalities, rendering polarization holography as an attractive research topic in many fields of applications. This paper aims to provide readers with new insights and broaden the application of polarization holography in more scientific and technological research fields.Polarization holography is a newly researched field, that has gained traction with the development of tensor theory. It primarily focuses on the interaction between polarization waves and photosensitive materials. The extraordinary capabilities in modulating the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light have resulted in several new applications, such as holographic storage technology, multichannel polarization multiplexing, vector beams, and optical functional devices. In this paper, fundamental research on polarization holography with linear polarized wave, a component of the theory of polarization holography, has been reviewed. Primarily, the effect of various polarization changes on the linear and nonlinear polarization characteristics of reconstructed wave under continuous exposure and during holographic recording and reconstruction have been focused upon. The polarization modulation realized using these polarization characteristics exhibits unusual functionalities, rendering polarization holography as an attractive research topic in many fields of applications. This paper aims to provide readers with new insights and broaden the application of polarization holography in more scientific and technological research fields.
polarization holography tensor theory polarization modulation linear and nonlinear polarization characteristics Opto-Electronic Science
2022, 1(2): 210009
