Fundamental research areas are usually born out of free exploration of the Nature. However, national needs, especially special needs of wartime, can lead to unexpected emergence of new areas of fundamental research. Ideas and methods in these areas are more likely to generate revolutionary technologies. A standard case is the radar-inspired chirped pulse amplification technique for strong lasers, which was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics. Radar was one of the most important military needs in World War II. On the one hand, the searching for new radar-emitting sources led to a series of innovative fundamental researches, including the emergence of masers and subsequently lasers. Lasers then spawned many new fundamental research areas, such as laser cooling. Lasers and laser-based fiber-optic communication technologies have changed the life style of modern humans. On the other hand, the chirped pulse amplification technique of radar systems was transposed to the field of optics, breaking the technical bottleneck of generating strong lasers. And the emergence of strong lasers has spawned another series of new fundamental research areas, such as inertial confinement fusion. This article will demonstrate the traction of strategic needs on the birth of basic research through the introduction of key technologies from radar to laser and the chirped pulse amplification technique.

Quantum computing technology has developed rapidly in recent years and received wide attention. In this article, we review some basic concepts, current status, long-term and near-term challenges of quantum computing, so that readers can more accurately understand some recent progress and avoid misunderstanding. One of the main applications of universal quantum computers is to break RSA cryptographic systems. Without quantum error correction, it is difficult to achieve quantum computing in the scale of code breaking. Therefore, a primary challenge of quantum computing technology is to implement quantum computing protected by the quantum error correction, i.e. fault-tolerant quantum computation. By looking at the existing experimental technologies, we will find that quantum gates with error rates lower than the fault-tolerance threshold have been realised in experiments, but fault-tolerant quantum computation is still far from practical applications. The main difficulty is that quantum fault tolerance requires an enormous number of qubits with low error rates, beyond what can be achieved by state-of-the-art technologies; therefore, further development is needed. Noisy intermediate-scale quantum computation is likely to be realised in the near future, and there are still some theoretical and technical bottlenecks that need to be addressed. While we can see the huge potential value of quantum computing and recent significant progress, it is important to acknowledge the challenges, face the key problems, and overcome difficulties.

讨论了双模量子环型微腔中二能级原子与腔场相互作用的动力学问题, 分析了量子微腔的双模腔场和原子质心交换动量的过程。 通过控制双模光场的光子数, 得到了原子质心运动可同时吸收或发射多个光子的结论。 从而可以实现较大的原子质心动量转移过程, 使原子分束效应更为显著。

分析了量子微腔中双模驻波场与三能级原子的相互作用。讨论了三能级原子被真空双模腔场俘获的条件和大光子数条件下能级的重叠及其对原子俘获的影响。

研究了微腔中量子单模驻波场与三能级V型暗原子相互作用的绝热动力学及其非绝热修正,详细分析了它对两激发态之间粒子数转化的影响,并由此讨论了体系绝热演化的条件。

详尽地研究了驻波腔场中两能级原子运动的能量转移和动力学演化的非绝热修正。从而定量地阐述了实现原子俘获的绝热近似条件。

研究了一个无损测量原子质心动量的精确可解模型,详细分析了无损测量的条件及无损测量的动力学过程。文中分析表明,绝热极限是实现此类模型无损测量的必要条件。最后针对此模型讨论了量子无损测量与表象之间的关系。