激光制导是当今最常用的制导方式之一，激光半主动光学系统性能的优劣直接影响其制导精度。提出了一种激光半主动光学系统像差优化设计方法，通过赋予不同的球差与离焦量实现激光半主动光学系统初始结构设计，通过对非对称像差优化实现光斑均匀化设计，设计并研制了折射式激光半主动光学镜头，光学系统工作波段1064 nm，视场为±9.2°，光斑大小5 mm，能量分布均匀；为解决激光半主动镜头不能单独检测的问题，提出了利用色差特性实现镜头低成本可视化检测的原理，并搭建了激光半主动光学镜头的可视化检测系统。镜头的测试结果表明，光斑大小满足设计要求，低成本可视化检测系统大幅提高了镜头检测效率，并易于工程化，批量化生产。

在清澈海水中，透射窗口在蓝绿光波段，蓝光在海水中具有很好的传输特性。为了满足深海观测网络及平台间的高速率、大容量的通信需求，本文提出了一种水下无线可见光通信系统。该系统采用470 nm LED阵列拼接结构，增大束散角，并且提出采用菲涅尔透镜作为光学天线，实现大视场接收。在20 m的水下通信距离下，成功实现了5 Mbit/s通信速率，误码率低至10⁻⁶的可靠通信，并完整地组装出了工程样机，为后续的水下动态激光通信系统奠定了基础。

An improved model-based wavefront sensorless adaptive optics algorithm is proposed for laser beam cleanup. Deformable mirror (DM) eigenmodes are used to replace traditional Lukosz modes in order to avoid DM fitting errors. The traditional method is based on a sophisticated calibration process and solving linear equations. In our method, coefficients of DM eigenmodes are estimated by adding bidirectional modal biases into the system and then solving parabolic equations. The calibration process is omitted in our method, which makes it more feasible. From simulation and experimental results, the corrective accuracy of the improved method is higher than the traditional one.

The stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm is widely used in wavefront sensor-less adaptive optics (WSAO) systems. However, the convergence is relatively slow. Modal-based algorithms usually provide much faster convergence than SPGD; however, the limited actuator stroke of the deformable mirror (DM) often prohibits the sensing of higher-order modes or renders a closed-loop correction inapplicable. Based on a comparative analysis of SPGD and the DM-modal-based algorithm, a hybrid approach involving both algorithms is proposed for extended image-based WSAO, and is demonstrated in this experiment. The hybrid approach can achieve similar correction results to pure SPGD, but with a dramatically decreased iteration number.