激光防护材料在保护人眼和光学器件免受强激光破坏方面具有重要意义，其中基于非线性光学原理工作的固态光限幅材料有望成为未来激光防护的主体。本文介绍了光限幅材料的研究背景、工作机理、参数指标以及测试技术，综述了目前具有实用前景的多类光限幅材料的研究进展，对无机半导体材料、共轭有机高分子、无机金属团簇、碳纳米材料、二维材料等5类材料做了重点介绍，探讨这些光限幅材料的发展前景，并介绍了相关材料在固态基质中器件化的研究现状。

We propose a high temperature-sensitive long period fiber grating (LPFG) sensor fabricated by using the femtosecond laser transversal-scanning method. The femtosecond pulses scan over the whole fiber core and some part of the cladding region; the modified regions are more extended. It is found that the LPFG-I fabricated by the transversal-scanning method shows higher temperature sensitivity and better temperature uniformity than that of LPFG-II written by the femtosecond laser point-by-point method. The LPFG-I with a temperature sensitivity of 75.96 pm/°C in the range of 25°C–400°C is measured. Moreover, in the range from 400°C to 800°C, a higher temperature sensitivity of 148.64 pm/°C and good linearity of 0.99 are achieved, while the temperature sensitivity of LPFG-II is only 95.55 pm/°C. LPFG-I exhibits better temperature characteristics, which, to the best of our knowledge, has the highest sensitivity in silica fiber temperature sensors.