针对直角棱镜大面测量中可以消除多重干涉背景干扰的倾斜入射测量系统，设计了一种能直接进行直角棱镜大面测量的正置式倾斜入射干涉仪装置。该装置包括相移干涉仪主机、一体化载物工作台以及一对参考平晶。讨论了直角面参与反射带来的光线簇造成的多重干涉背景误差，采用3D偏折的方法来避免全内反射光干扰直角棱镜大面测量。实验部分，组装了基于倾斜入射的正置式相移干涉仪，并完成光路调校与参数标定，实现了直角棱镜大面面形的测量；使用白光轮廓仪对被测棱镜大面进行比对测量，结果一致。解决了直角棱镜条的测量问题，实现了微棱镜工业化在线测量，在直角棱镜加工中具有重要的应用价值。

To optimize the dark current characteristic and detection efficiency of the 1550 nm weak light signal at room temperature, this work proposes a Ge-on-Si avalanche photodiode (APD) in Geiger mode, which could operate at 300 K. This lateral separate absorption charge multiplication APD shows a low breakdown voltage (V_br) in Geiger mode of -7.42V and low dark current of 0.096 nA at unity gain voltage (V_Gain=1 = -7.03 V). Combined with an RF amplifier module and counter, the detection system demonstrates a low dark count rate (DCR) of 1.1×106counts per second and high detection efficiency η of 7.8% for 1550 nm weak coherent pulse detection at 300 K. The APD reported in this work weakens the dependence of the weak optical signal recognition on the low environment temperature and makes single-chip integration of the single-photon level detection system possible.

采用离轴角度90°、口径1 inch的离轴抛物面作为样品，比对了传统零位干涉测量结果和非接触式3D非球面光学面形测量系统Luphoscan之间的差异。利用Zemax仿真了离轴抛物面六个维度的调整误差对测量结果的影响，分析了离轴量误差在两种完全不同测量过程中的表现形式，解决了Luphoscan测量结果可用性问题。根据仿真结果搭建动态干涉仪的零位检验干涉光路，建立了离轴抛物面的六个维度调节标准流程，可快速消除调整误差和离轴量误差，多次复现性测试结果达到了pv=0.135λ的精度。

Remarkable achievements have been witnessed in free-space quantum key distribution (QKD), which acts as an available approach to extend the transmission range of quantum communications. The feasibility of transmitting qubits through the free-space channel with the aid of moving platforms like satellites, aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been verified. In view of the limited working time and resource consumption of the satellite-based QKD and the last-mile challenges of connecting satellite nodes with terrestrial networks, the airborne QKD is expected to provide flexible and relay links for the large-scale integrated network. This paper reviews the recent significant progress of QKD based on aircraft or UAVs, highlights their critical techniques, and prospects the future of airborne quantum communications.

基于雪崩级联原理研发了用于水下激光选通成像的MARX级联电路激光照明源。相对于普通激光驱动器，该MARX级联电路有输出脉冲窄、峰值高、上升沿短、重复频率高、成本低、体积小、质量轻等优点。采用级联电路研发的脉冲激光照明光源在实现ns量级脉冲宽度性能的基础上保持了照光源系统体积的小型化。该脉冲照明源结合激光整形及匀化光学技术进行了水下选通成像验证实验，在10 ns的脉冲宽度下，实现水下7倍衰减长度范围内的选通成像。该文涉及的电路、光学方面的改进对降低激光选通成像系统的体积、成本及实际应用具有重要意义。