采用多层相屏法和快速傅里叶变换法数值求解热晕方程，研究了复合贝塞尔高斯（cBG）光束大气传输过程中受热晕效应的影响。研究发现：由于热晕效应造成的光强和相位畸变，cBG光束会发生相位奇点移动和轨道角动量谱展宽，并产生模式串扰。当风速较小时，大气介质吸收激光产生的热效应较强，导致光束的模式串扰也较强。对于初始角量子数差值较大的cBG光束，其相对串扰能量较小，受热晕效应影响导致的模式串扰较弱。此外，还研究了旋转cBG光束的热晕效应，该光束的旋转特性使其在传输过程中四周都能得到均匀的扩展。因此，相较于非旋转cBG光束，旋转cBG光束的光强分布比更均匀，模式串扰更小。并且，随着旋转cBG光束的径向波数差值的增大，模式串扰减弱。综上，增大初始角量子数差值以及径向波数差值可以有效降低cBG光束的模式串扰。

Underwater optical wireless communication, which is useful for oceanography, environmental monitoring, and underwater surveillance, suffers the limit of the absorption attenuation and Mie–Rayleigh scattering of the lights. Here, Bessel-like beams generated by a fiber microaxicon is utilized for underwater wireless propagation. Underwater, the cone angle for generating Bessel-like beams starts from 46°, which is smaller than that in air for Bessel-like beams. When the cone angle of the fiber microaxicons is about 140°, the depth of focus underwater, which is four times as long as the depth of focus in air, has enlarged about 28 µm, 36.12 µm, and 50.7 µm for 470 nm, 520 nm, and 632 nm visible lights. The transmission distance of the Bessel beams for visible lights has been simulated by using Henyey–Greenstein–Rayleigh phase function methods and spectral absorption by bio-optical model due to Monte Carlo methods. The results show that the propagation distance could reach 4000 m, which overcome the limit of the Mie–Rayleigh scattering and absorption attenuation underwater.