Overview: Driven by the rapid development of national optical projects such as laser nuclear fusion and aerospace telescopes, as well as high-end civilian fields such as advanced instruments and optical lenses, the requirements for full-frequency domain processing errors and surfaces of optical components are becoming more and more stringent. At this stage, the optical components generally need to go through rough grinding, fine grinding, polishing and coating, and other processes, and their surface quality mainly depends on the defect removal ability and error control level of the polishing process. Whether the fine grinding process can obtain better surface shape accuracy and low surface/subsurface damage suppression determines the processing efficiency, and the ultra-precision processing manufacturing equipment is the premise of the realization of ultra-precision machining of the optical components. So far, all countries in the world have invested in the research and development of optical ultra-precision grinding and polishing technology, and have developed more relatively mature high-precision grinding and polishing equipment, which can better meet the processing needs of most of the current optical components. For the core equipment and key technologies required for ultra-precision manufacturing, China has long relied on imports. In order to break through the bottleneck restricting the development of ultra-precision technology in China at this stage, under the traction and drive of the national large-scale engineering project, China has made remarkable progress in optical ultra-precision manufacturing equipment and technology. However, for the optical ultra-precision technology and equipment, there is still a certain gap between China and the international advanced level, and it is necessary to continue to strengthen the research. In addition to the high-end grinding and polishing equipment necessary for the ultra-precision machining of optical components, it is also necessary to strengthen the technical level of a series of key supporting units, such as ultra-precision grinding and polishing processing technology, high-end key functional components, intelligent monitoring technology of processing environment, efficient ultra-precision machining tools, processing and inspection path planning and compensation processing strategies, computer-aided manufacturing and testing software, etc. The research, development, and application of these technologies are related to the development of high-end manufacturing in the civilian fields and national defense fields, and are also the focus of the country. This paper mainly focuses on the ultra-precision machining of large-diameter optical aspherical components. Starting from the grinding and polishing process route, this paper introduces the long-term research progress of the Precision Engineering Laboratory of Xiamen University in the field of large-diameter optical aspherical component processing, and introduces in detail the technical and system achievements such as ultra-precision grinding and polishing equipment, robot-assisted grinding and polishing, equipment intelligent monitoring system, processing technology and control software.

为了实现对远处目标的瞄准、识别与跟踪，光电跟踪系统往往需要其光学系统可连续变焦，并且具有大变倍比、宽波段、光轴一致性高等特性。详细阐述了连续变焦光学系统的基本构造形式、初始结构参数估算等，并在确定了相关技术参数的基础上，设计了一种变倍比为40^×的宽波段连续变焦光学系统。设计的连续变焦光学系统全部使用球面镜，易于加工，成像质量较好，各视场MTF值在150 lp/mm处均大于0.2，并且凸轮曲线平滑，无拐点，杂散光控制较好，对系统影响很小。最后通过外景试验测试，该系统光轴一致性小于0.1 mrad，系统的各项性能指标都可满足设备的使用要求，为光电跟踪系统的工程化提供了参考价值。