为了对重化工污染区甲醛气体进行探测，开展了差分吸收激光雷达甲醛气体浓度探测研究。基于差分吸收激光雷达原理，针对甲醛气体在中红外波段有较强的吸收波段，并考虑开放光程下大气干扰气体的影响，选择了系统的探测波长 ${\lambda _{\rm on}}$、 ${\lambda _{\rm off}}$；依据差分吸收激光雷达浓度反演方法，结合系统参数，对设计的DIAL系统的探测距离、气体浓度及干扰气体的可能影响进行了仿真研究。结果表明，该系统有望对浓度为0.017~1.5 ppm (1 ppm=10⁻⁶)，距离为0.4~1.1 km范围内的甲醛气体进行探测，相对误差小于5%，可满足对重化工污染区甲醛气体浓度探测需求。文中的研究可为应用于化工重污染区域甲醛气体无组织排放监测的中红外差分吸收激光雷达系统的研制提供理论依据和技术基础。

A frequency-stabilized laser system at 1572 nm for space-borne carbon dioxide (CO2) detection LIDAR to realize the precise measurement of the global atmospheric CO2 concentration is presented in this Letter. A distributed-feedback laser diode serves as the master laser (ML) and is wavelength locked to the CO2 line center at 1572.0179 nm using the external frequency modulation technique. The root mean square frequency drift is suppressed to about 50 kHz at an average time of 0.1 s over 8 h. Based on optical phase-locked loops, an online seeder and an offline seeder are offset locked to the reference laser at 1572.024 and 1572.081 nm, respectively, retaining virtually the same frequency stability as the ML.

Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) is an excellent technology for atmospheric CO2 detection. However, the accuracy and stability of a transmitted on-line wavelength are strictly required in a DIAL system. The fluctuation of a tunable pulsed laser system is relatively more serious than that of other laser sources, and this condition leads to a large measurement error for the lidar signal. These concerns pose a significant challenge in on-line wavelength calibration. This study proposes an alternative method based on wavelet modulus maxima for the accurate on-line wavelength calibration of a pulsed laser. Because of the different propagation characteristics of the wavelet transform modulus maxima between signal and noise, the singularities of a signal can be obtained by detection of the local modulus maxima in the wavelet transform maximum at fine scales. Simulated analysis shows that the method is more accurate than the general method such as quintic polynomial fitting and can steadily maintain high calibration precision at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Last, 16 groups of real experiments were conducted to verify the simulated analysis, which shows that the proposed method is an alternative for accurately calibrating an on-line wavelength. In addition, the proposed method is able to suppress noises in the process of wavelength calibration, which gives it an advantage in accurate on-line wavelength calibration with a low SNR.Research Funds for the Central Universities (2042015kf0015).