Three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear photonic crystals have received intensive interest as an ideal platform to study nonlinear wave interactions and explore their applications. Periodic fork-shaped gratings are extremely important in this context because they are capable of generating second-harmonic vortex beams from a fundamental Gaussian wave, which has versatile applications in optical trapping and materials engineering. However, previous studies mainly focused on the normal incidence of the fundamental Gaussian beam, resulting in symmetric emissions of the second-harmonic vortices. Here we present an experimental study on second-harmonic vortex generation in periodic fork-shaped gratings at oblique incidence, in comparison with the case of normal incidence. More quasi-phase-matching resonant wavelengths have been observed at oblique incidence, and the second-harmonic emissions become asymmetric against the incident beam. These results agree well with theoretic explanations. The oblique incidence of the fundamental wave is also used for the generation of second-harmonic Bessel beams with uniform azimuthal intensity distributions. Our study is important for a deeper understanding of nonlinear interactions in a 3D periodic medium. It also paves the way toward achieving high-quality structured beams at new frequencies, which is important for manipulation of the orbital angular momentum of light.

We demonstrate the generation, spectral broadening and post-compression of second harmonic pulses using a thin beta barium borate (BBO) crystal on a fused-silica substrate as the nonlinear interaction medium. By combining second harmonic generation in the BBO crystal with self-phase modulation in the fused-silica substrate, we efficiently generate millijoule-level broadband violet pulses from a single optical component. The second harmonic spectrum covers a range from long wave ultraviolet (down to 310 nm) to visible (up to 550 nm) with a bandwidth of 65 nm. Subsequently, we compress the second harmonic beam to a duration of 4.8 fs with a pulse energy of 0.64 mJ (5 fs with a pulse energy of 1.05 mJ) using chirped mirrors. The all-solid free-space apparatus is compact, robust and pulse energy scalable, making it highly advantageous for generating intense second harmonic pulses from near-infrared femtosecond lasers in the sub-5 fs regime.

提出了基于光强非线性响应的光致热弹光谱光强修正方法，实现了激光光强的准确修正。控制DFB激光器工作于波长调制模式，设置激光调制频率为16 369.75 Hz，通过光纤放大器增强其出射光强非线性项的幅值，光束经多次反射池后汇聚于石英音叉根部激发光热信号，采用数字锁相放大器解调得到对应的谐波信号，通过多项式拟合谐波信号背景，反演得到与浓度及光强分别对应的谐波信号。实验结果表明，当光强从22.03 mW变化至3.16 mW，谐波信号背景幅值与光强具有良好的线性关系，线性相关系数大于0.998，归一化后的谐波信号幅值波动小于0.37%。针对甲烷测量，系统在较大的浓度范围内具有良好的线性响应，谐波信号信噪比表明系统的最低检测限达0.22×10^-6。该研究为光致热弹光谱的光强修正提供了一种新的方法，可有效提高LITES系统在长期测量应用中的稳定性。

紫外激光器是研究紫外共振拉曼光谱的重要工具，拉曼信号可以通过共振拉曼效应得到增强，从而降低拉曼测量的探测极限。本文研究了一种输出波长为228 nm的窄脉宽全固态紫外激光器。首先，以Nd:YVO₄作为增益介质，采用电光调Q腔倒空技术，实现了纳秒量级914 nm基频光输出。然后，经过偏硼酸锂(LBO)晶体产生二次谐波，最终经偏硼酸钡(BBO)晶体获得四次谐波228 nm紫外激光。在此基础上，进一步研究了不同重复频率时基频光和倍频光功率的变化规律，优化了紫外激光器的输出效率。实验结果表明：当总抽运功率为30 W时，在10 kHz重复频率下，可获得最高平均功率为84 mW的228 nm紫外激光输出。228 nm激光在5~25 kHz重复频率范围内连续可调，脉冲宽度保持在2.8~2.9 ns，能够满足紫外光谱检测技术领域的应用需求。

Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonators can greatly enhance light–matter interaction, making them indispensable units for frequency conversion in nonlinear optics. Efficient nonlinear wave mixing in microresonators requires stringent simultaneous optical resonance and phase-matching conditions. Thus, it is challenging to achieve efficient frequency conversion over a broad bandwidth. Here, we demonstrate broadband second-harmonic generation (SHG) in the x-cut thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) microdisk with a quality factor above 10⁷ by applying the cyclic quasi-phase-matching (CQPM) mechanism, which is intrinsically applicable for broadband operation. Broadband SHG of continuous-wave laser with a maximum normalized conversion efficiency of ∼15%/mW is achieved with a bandwidth spanning over 100 nm in the telecommunication band. Furthermore, broadband SHG of femtosecond lasers, supercontinuum lasers, and amplified spontaneous emission in the telecommunication band is also experimentally observed. The work is beneficial for integrated nonlinear photonics devices like frequency converters and optical frequency comb generator based on second-order nonlinearity on the TFLN platform.

The design of nonlinear photonic Vogel’s spiral based on quasi-crystal theory was demonstrated. Two main parameters of Vogel’s spiral were arranged to obtain multi-reciprocal circles. Typical structure was fabricated by the near-infrared femtosecond laser poling technique, forming a nonlinear photonic structure, and multiple ring-like nonlinear Raman–Nath second-harmonic generation processes were realized and analyzed in detail. The structure for the cascaded third-harmonic generation process was predicted. The results could help deepen the understanding of Vogel’s spiral and quasi-crystal and pave the way for the combination of quasi-crystal theory with more aperiodic structures.