针对大多数图像超分辨率重建方法利用单尺度卷积进行特征提取，导致特征提取不充分的问题，提出基于多尺度自适应注意力的图像超分辨率网络。为充分利用各个层次特征中的上下文信息，设计了多尺度特征融合块，其基本单元由自适应双尺度块、多路径渐进式交互块和自适应双维度注意力依次串联组成。首先，自适应双尺度块自主融合两个尺度的特征，获得了更丰富的上下文特征；其次，多路径渐进式交互块以渐进的方式交互自适应双尺度块的输出特征，提高了上下文特征之间的关联性；最后，自适应双维度注意力自主选择不同维度注意力细化输出特征后，提高了输出特征的鉴别力。实验结果表明，在Set5， Set14， BSD100和Urban100测试集上，本文方法在PSNR和SSIM定量指标上相比于其他主流方法相均有提升，尤其对于纹理细节难以恢复的Urban100测试集，本文方法在比例因子为×4时，相较于现有最优方法SwinIR，PSNR和SSIM指标分别提升了0.05 dB和0.004 5；在视觉效果方面，本文的重建图像具有更多的纹理细节。

里德堡原子具有很大的极化率和跃迁偶极矩, 因此它对外界电磁场非常敏感, 结合量子干涉效应可实现太赫兹场的高灵敏度探测。采用外加电场的方式来调谐太赫兹里德堡激发态能级至Förster共振，转变了原子间相互作用的方式，进而改变了阻塞区域的大小。通过对比范德瓦耳斯和偶极–偶极2种作用方式下的主量子数以及共振激光拉比频率的变化对阻塞区域的影响，发现Förster共振电场调谐下的偶极–偶极相互作用导致的阻塞效应更强，造成的阻塞区域半径可以是范德瓦耳斯相互作用下的2～3倍。根据这一特点，可利用外电场调控里德堡原子间相互作用来增强阻塞效应，这对太赫兹里德堡跃迁中高质量单光子的制备以及原子检测准确度的提高具有参考意义。

This paper presents the development and experimental utilization of a synchronized off-harmonic laser system designed as a probe for ultra-intense laser–plasma interaction experiments. The system exhibits a novel seed-generation design, allowing for a variable pulse duration spanning over more than three orders of magnitude, from 3.45 picoseconds to 10 nanoseconds. This makes it suitable for various plasma diagnostics and visualization techniques. In a side-view configuration, the laser was employed for interferometry and streaked shadowgraphy of a laser-induced plasma while successfully suppressing the self-emission background of the laser–plasma interaction, resulting in a signal-to-self-emission ratio of 110 for this setup. These properties enable the probe to yield valuable insights into the plasma dynamics and interactions at the PHELIX facility and to be deployed at various laser facilities due to its easy-to-implement design.

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production ( $\sim {10}^5$ /second) using 8 mJ, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin (<1 μm) D ${}_2$ O liquid sheet employing a measurement suite. At relativistic intensity ( $\sim 5\times {10}^{18}$ W/cm ${}^2$ ) and high repetition rate (1 kHz), the system produces deuterium–deuterium (D-D) fusion, allowing for consistent neutron generation. Evidence of D-D fusion neutron production is verified by a measurement suite with three independent detection systems: an EJ-309 organic scintillator with pulse-shape discrimination, a ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ proportional counter and a set of 36 bubble detectors. Time-of-flight analysis of the scintillator data shows the energy of the produced neutrons to be consistent with 2.45 MeV. Particle-in-cell simulations using the WarpX code support significant neutron production from D-D fusion events in the laser–target interaction region. This high-repetition-rate laser-driven neutron source could provide a low-cost, on-demand test bed for radiation hardening and imaging applications.

Hall effect of light is a result of symmetry breaking in spin and/or orbital angular momentum (OAM) possessing optical system and is caused by e.g. refractive index gradient/interface between media or focusing of a spatially asymmetrical beam, similar to the electric field breaking the symmetry in spin Hall effect for electrons. The angular momentum (AM) conservation law in the ensuing asymmetric system dictates redistribution of spin and orbital angular momentum, and is manifested in spin-orbit, orbit-orbit, and orbit-spin conversions and reorganization, i.e. spin-orbit and orbit-orbit interaction. This AM restructuring in turn requires shifts of the barycenter of the electric field of light. In the present study we show, both analytically and by numerical simulation, how different electric field components are displaced upon tight focusing of an asymmetric light beam having OAM and spin. The relation between field components shifts and the AM components shifts/redistribution is presented too. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the spin-orbit Hall effect of light upon tight focusing in free space. This is achieved using azopolymers as a media detecting longitudinal or z component of the electrical field of light. These findings elucidate the Hall effect of light and may broaden the spectrum of its applications.