为了获取眼科激光手术中规划手术部位的深度空间信息,搭建了双光纤环形器结构的扫频光相干断层成像(SS-OCT)系统。在样品臂中加入二向色镜,将其与互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)相机系统进行整合。对OCT坐标系与相机图像坐标系的几何关系进行匹配,设计了多角度线性扫描、环形扫描等模式,实现了相机视频图像下任意指定位置的多模式扫描成像。该成像系统的纵向分辨率为13.68 μm,横向分辨率为29.8 μm,在空气中的成像深度为17.25 mm,测量的最大横向偏差为275 μm,最大纵向偏差为70 μm,能够满足手术的定位要求。该研究初步实现了眼内指定部位深度信息的快速获取,有望应用于眼科疾病诊断和白内障手术导航。

We demonstrate the possibility of detection and monitoring of bubbles emerging near the tip of an optical fiber by means of ultrasonic method. The excitation of bubbles at their resonant frequencies is performed using short ultrasonic pulses having a wide frequency range simultaneously with their modulation by means of a long pulse of a monochromatic frequency. This method allows detection of bubbles of various sizes. Used signal processing method, which allows increased bubble detection accuracy, is proposed for research in environments of biological-like medium which show continuous variations in structure and properties when exposed to optical emission. The method has been demonstrated on model objects: in a liquid and in a biological tissue phantom using various methods of bubble generation (hydrolysis and optical emission). We studied bubble formation by the tip of a fiber of the surgical laser LSP-007/10 “IRE Polus" with a wavelength of 0.97 μm coated with a highly absorbing graphite layer.

In this paper, we consider a method of laser resection using the silica glass core from which the cladding layer has been removed as the cutting part of a laser scalpel. An absorbing layer coating the silica fiber tip markedly alters its biotissue cutting characteristics. The results of histological studies of skin after exposure to a laser scalpel with and without a strongly absorbing coating (SAC) at a wavelength of 0.97 μm show that resection using a coated scalpel is more sparing. When an uncoated scalpel was used, skin injury was more apparent in both its surface spread and the depth of structural damage, resulting in poorer tissue regeneration.

In this study, the interaction between diode laser radiation and chicken soft tissue was studied in vitro by a high-speed digital video camera. We used a diode laser with a wavelength of (980 _ 10) nm and average power of 10W. The diode laser was operated in continuous wave (CW) and pulsed modes. In CW mode, the average laser radiation power was 10W; in pulsed mode, the average laser radiation power was 10W and the peak power was 20W. Diode laser radiation was delivered to soft tissue (chicken meat) using a quartz optical fiber with either a clear distal end (clear tip) or a distal end containing an optothermal converter (hot tip). Application of the diode laser in pulsed mode resulted in crater depths and areas of collateral damage in soft tissue about 1.6 times greater than those observed in CW mode at treatment with the clear tip. Significant differences in the crater depth and collateral damage width of chicken meat were not found after hot-tip treatment with the diode laser in CW and pulsed modes. Soft tissue treated with the hot tip showed crater depths about 3.4 times greater than those observed after treatment with the clear tip. Hot tip treatment further resulted in collateral damage widths about 2.7 times lower than those obtained after treatment with the clear tip.

制冷剂闪蒸喷雾冷却(CSC)已经成为激光治疗葡萄酒色斑等皮肤病手术中的标准冷却辅助手段。为优化喷嘴设计，进一步增进冷却效率和改善治疗效果，搭建了制冷剂闪蒸瞬态喷雾冷却实验台，设计了8个不同内径和长度的直管型喷嘴，采用先进的磁控溅射沉积薄膜热电偶测温方法，应用杜哈梅尔定理计算表面热流密度，定量研究了不同喷嘴对冷却表面传热特性的影响，并对其传热规律和雾化特性进行了系统的分析比较。此外，提出了评价喷嘴冷却效率标准，给出了采用不同几何尺寸喷嘴时冷却表面换热量随喷雾距离的变化规律。

介绍了良性前列腺增生手术的发展；阐述了激光前列腺增生手术的原理；介绍了目前KTP绿激光、2μm激光和最新的半导体激光手术新方法、特点以及相互之间的比较；并展望了激光手术有可能替代目前传统手术，成为良性前列腺手术的发展新方向。

Limitations of cancer margin delineation and surgical guidance by means of autofluorescence imaging under conditions of laser ablation were investigated and preliminary results are presented. PinPointTM (Novadaq Technologies Inc., Canada) was used to capture digital images and Er:YAG laser (2.94μm, Glissando, WaveLightTM, Germany) was exploited to cause laser ablation on both normal and cancer sites of the specimen. It was shown that changes of the autofluorescence image after ablation extend beyond the actual sizes of the ablation loci. The tumor tissue after the laser ablation starts to emit fluorescent light within the green wavelength band (490–550nm) similar to normal tissue stating that the current technology of in-process tissue classification fails. However, when the autofluorescence was collected in the red range (600–750nm), then the abnormal/normal contrast was reduced, but still present even after the laser ablation. The present study highlights the importance of finding a proper technology for surgical navigation of cancer removal under conditions of high power effects in biological tissues.

脉冲激光生物硬组织消融技术在医学领域具有广阔的应用前景。介绍了表征激光生物组织消融特性的基本物理量,综述了脉冲激光辐照生物硬组织的消融模型和机制以及光剂量学研究的最新进展,总结了激光硬组织消融的主要实验研究方法和评估手段,并对其存在的问题及发展趋势进行了探讨。

制冷剂低温喷雾冷却是激光治疗葡萄酒色斑的主要辅助手段,可以有效保护表皮不受热损伤。目前采用的R134a制冷剂不易抵消深色人种皮肤的黑色素对激光能量的大量吸收,采用沸点更低的R404a制冷剂可以更好保护黄色与黑色人种的皮肤。针对单个液滴建立了蒸发过程的理论模型,水滴蒸发实验的预测结果与实验结果非常吻合,验证了模型的有效性。利用该模型比较了R404a液滴与R134a液滴的蒸发冷却效果,发现R404a液滴可以达到更低的温度。分析了不同初始直径和环境蒸气质量分数对R404a液滴蒸发特性的影响,所得结果对于黄色和黑色人种激光手术治疗鲜红斑痣的制冷剂喷雾手术有参考价值。