Adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) is a mitochondrial protein involved in the exchange of ADP and ATP across the mitochondrial inner membrane. It plays a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism by facilitating the transport of ATP synthesized within the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. The isoform ANT1 predominately expresses in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Mutations or dysregulation in ANT1 have been implicated in various mitochondrial disorders and neuromuscular diseases. We aimed to examine whether ANT1 deletion may affect mitochondrial redox state in our established ANT1-deficient mice. Hearts and quadriceps resected from age-matched wild type (WT) and ANT1-deficient mice were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen. The Chance redox scanner was utilized to perform 3D optical redox imaging. Each sample underwent scanning across 3–5 sections. Global averaging analysis showed no significant differences in the redox indices (NADH, flavin adenine dinucleotide containing-flavoproteins Fp, and the redox ratio Fp/(NADH+Fp) between WT and ANT1-deficient groups. However, quadriceps had higher Fp than hearts in both groups (p=0.0004 and 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, the quadriceps were also more oxidized (a higher redox ratio) than hearts in WT group (p=0.004). NADH levels were similar in all cases. Our data suggest that under non-stressful physical condition, the ANT1-deficient muscle cells were in the same mitochondrial state as WT ones and that the significant difference in the mitochondrial redox state between quadriceps and hearts found in WT might be diminished in ANT1-deficient ones. Redox imaging of muscles under physical stress can be conducted in future.

基于过氧化氢（H2O2）氧化单巯基（—S）为双巯基（S—S）, 抑制金纳米簇（AuNCs）荧光猝灭, 建立了一种灵敏的荧光传感方法用于过氧化氢和葡萄糖（Glu）的检测。 DNA为模板合成的金纳米簇作为荧光探针, 荧光强度高、 稳定且合成简单快速。 加入半胱氨酸（Cys）, 半胱氨酸上的单巯基可以与金纳米簇发生化学键合反应形成稳定的Au—S键, 破坏金纳米簇的结构, 导致金纳米簇荧光强度猝灭。 但当体系中存在过氧化氢时, 将单巯基半胱氨酸氧化成双巯基的胱氨酸。 双巯基的胱氨酸不能与金纳米簇发生键合作用, 金纳米簇在471 nm处发射出强烈的荧光信号。 葡萄糖可以在葡萄糖氧化酶（Gox）的作用下产生过氧化氢, 利用该方法进一步开展了对葡萄糖的检测。 以金纳米簇荧光强度的变化值F/F0为纵坐标, 过氧化氢或葡萄糖浓度为横坐标, 实现了对过氧化氢和葡萄糖的灵敏检测, 线性范围分别为10~100和10~200 μmol·L-1, 检测下限分别为2.8和3.1 μmol·L-1。 选择4种其他糖类化合物和5种金属离子作为干扰物质, 均不会抑制半胱氨酸对金纳米簇的荧光猝灭效应, 表明该方法具有很好的选择性。 用该方法成功检测了胎牛血清样品中的葡萄糖, 加标回收率为94.5%~112.7%。 此外, 该方法可拓展到其他基于酶催化产生过氧化氢体系的分析物检测, 如胆固醇、 辣根过氧化物酶等, 为过氧化氢相关反应的分析提供了一种通用、 简便的方法, 在临床诊断、 食品科学和环境分析等领域具有潜在的应用价值。

探究了单一型及复合型紫外截止剂和配合料氧化还原指数（Redox）对超白玻璃紫外光谱透过率的影响。研究结果表明: 在CeO2和MoO3共同作用下, 当超白玻璃的紫外透过率降至54.50％时, 可见光透过率依然可以保持在92.56％。配合料Redox在7~10时, 不影响超白玻璃色度值（颜色）和紫外-可见光的透过率。

硒是动植物及人体生长必需的十五种微量元素之一, 具有清除体内自由基、 抗氧化、 增强免疫力等功能, 但其安全剂量的范围却很窄。 利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对湿法球磨制备的硫铁矿形貌进行了表征。 SEM观测发现加乙醇助磨后的硫铁矿为粒径大小较均匀的球形颗粒团聚体, 粒径范围在17～200 nm之间, 平均粒径138 nm。 XRD衍射图谱中的特征峰与FeS2衍射图谱中各峰位置基本一致, 因此判定硫铁矿中主要化学组分为FeS2, 且图谱中基本没有杂峰, 表明制备过程中并未混入杂质, 样品纯度较高。 实验结果表明, 该法制备的硫铁矿具有颗粒粒径小、 比表面积大、 反应活性高等优点。 研究中利用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对硫铁矿去除水体中SeO2-3的机理进行了研究。 研究结果表明, （1）在较为广泛的实验pH范围（pH 2.2～11.5）, 硫铁矿均能有效去除水体中SeO2-3, 去除效率（除pH值7.8以外）均达到90%以上; （2）硫铁矿与SeO2-3发生反应后, 其主要组成元素的XPS特征峰结合能有所减小, 表明硫铁矿表面发生了一定化学变化; （3）酸碱环境下硫铁矿去除SeO2-3的机理不完全相同, 酸性环境下, 硫铁矿对SeO2-3的去除是单纯的氧化还原过程, 即硫铁矿中被酸活化的S2-2将SeO2-3还原为单质Se(0), 并且酸性越强, SeO2-3去除效果越好; 碱性环境下, SeO2-3的去除过程中氧化还原与络合反应并存, 硫铁矿表面有络合态Fe(OH)SeO3和单质Se(0)两种存在形态, 且碱性越强, 络合态Fe(OH)SeO3含量越高。 以上研究结果为硫铁矿去除固定水体和土壤中以SeO2-3为代表的可变价金属阴离子提供重要理论依据和应用基础。

Integrins, over-expressed in a broad range of cancer diseases, are widely utilized as a tumor biomarker. Metabolism investigation also plays important roles in tumor theranostics. Developing simple integrin-targetting probe and monitoring tumor metabolism will give opportunities to find ways for cancer treatment, however, the investigation of tumor metabolism with integrin receptor based probes has been rarely reported so far. Here, we developed an octavalent fluorescent probe Octa-RGD by convenient genetic method, based on one tetrameric far-red fluorescent protein (fRFP) linked with RGD peptides. We validated its intergin targeting by confocal imaging in vitro. Then we screened a variety of tumor cells, and differentiated their binding affinity based on the fluorescence of the probe via flow cytometry. Among these cells, CNE-2 cells had the highest uptake of the probe, while B16 cells had the lowest, corresponding with their intergin expression levels. Next, the fluorescent and metabolic imaging was performed in HT1080 (intergin postive) tumor, where nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (NADH), flavoprotein (Fp) and fRFP fluorescent signals were collected. The tumor from mice intravenously injected with Octa-RGD probe displayed obviously higher NADH redox ratio NADH/ (FptNADH) and fRFP signal, than those with fRFP protein. It suggested that integrin targeting may have influence on the target cell metabolism, and further demonstrated Octa-RGD probe facilitated its uptake in the targeted tumor in vivo. This paper developed a useful probe, which can bind integrins specifically and efficiently in tumor cells, and together with tumor metabolic information, it may provide new insight for RGD targeting-based cancer therapeutics.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) gains wide attention as a useful therapeutic method for cancer. It is mediated by the oxygen and photosensitizer under the specific light irradiation to produce the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce cellular toxicity and regulate the redox potential in tumor cells. Nowadays, genetic photosensitizers of low toxicity and easy production are required to be developed. KillerRed, a unique red fluorescent protein exhibiting excellent phototoxic properties, has the potential to act as a photosensitizer in the application of tumor PDT. Meantime, the course of tumor redox metabolism during this treatment was rarely investigated so far. Thus here, we investigated the effects of KillerRed-based PDT on tumor growth in vivo and examined the subsequent tumor metabolic states including the changes of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (NADH) and flavoprotein (Fp), two important metabolic coenzymes of tumor cells. Results showed the tumor growth had been significantly inhibited by KillerRedbased PDT treatment compared to control groups. A home-made cryo-imaging redox scanner was used to measure intrinsic fluorescence and exogenous KillerRed fluorescence signals in tumors. The Fp signal was elevated by nearly 4.5-fold, while the NADH signal decreased by 66% after light irradiation, indicating that Fp and NADH were oxidized in the course of KillerRedbased PDT. Furthermore, we also observed correlation between the fluorescence distribution of KillerRed and NADH. It suggests that the KillerRed protein based PDT might provide a new approach for tumor therapy accompanied by altering tumor metabolism.

光催化技术在解决能源短缺和环境污染问题方面有重要的应用前景, 引起了人们的广泛关注。宽光谱响应和高量子效率是实现光催化材料大规模应用的前提。本文介绍了近年来紫外、可见和近红外光催化方面的最新进展, 阐述了拓展光响应范围和促进载流子分离的有效途径, 总结了光催化材料发展所面临的问题, 并对其发展趋势进行了展望。

联合三维荧光光谱、 紫外光谱和化学还原法, 对洨河人工湿地水体DOC与COD的变化特征以及溶解性有机物(DOM)的来源、 化学结构、 腐殖化程度与氧化还原性质进行研究, 以期为深入揭示DOM在人工湿地中的地球化学行为及其生态环境效应提供科学依据。 结果显示, 河流水体COD 60%以上来自DOC的贡献, 而其经过人工湿地后含量的降低则主要是由有机物中的N, H, S, P元素更容易被去除所导致的, 其贡献率可达65%。f470/520与BIX两种指数共同指示了水体DOM主要由微生物贡献, 表明水体DOM明显受到微生物的降解作用。 三维荧光光谱PARAFAC模型分析显示, 人工湿地水体DOM包含类蛋白和类腐殖质组分, 其中类富里酸和类胡敏酸组分比类蛋白质组分更容易被降解, 类富里酸与类胡敏酸组分具有相似的分解命运。 有色溶解性有机物(CDOM)与荧光溶解有机物(FDOM)具有共源性, 均主要由类腐殖质组成, 二者进入人工湿地后没有产生选择性降解。 水体进入人工湿地后E2/E3, A240～400, r(A, C)与HIX指标没有发生显著变化, 表明人工湿地对水体DOM的腐殖化程度不会产生显著影响。 然而, 人工湿地环境不仅有利于形成还原态的DOM, 促进水体三价铁的还原, 而且可以提高DOM作为电子穿梭体的能力, 这可能与DOM的芳香性碳在人工湿地中能够得以更好保存有关。

硒是生物生长所需的微量元素, 但是过度摄入对人体是有害的。主要利用X射线光电子能谱仪(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS)分析了湿法制备的黄铁矿去除水中Se(Ⅳ)的产物形态。利用X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction, XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)对湿法球磨制备的黄铁矿进行了表征。XRD图谱表明该法制备的黄铁矿纯度较高, 图谱中除了FeS2特征衍射峰外基本没有杂峰;SEM观测发现处理后的黄铁矿颗粒形状接近球形, 尺寸在80～180 nm范围内。上述相关表征结果表明, 湿法球磨制备的黄铁矿具有颗粒粒径更小、比表面积更大、反应活性更高等优点。实验结果表明, 在12 h反应时间内, 该法制备的黄铁矿颗粒对初始浓度为20 mg·L-1的Se(Ⅳ)去除效率达到95%。对该组实验数据进行动力学拟合, 其结果满足准一级动力学方程, 表观反应速率常数kobs为0.26 h-1。XPS分析得到如下结论: (1)反应后黄铁矿中铁和硫的结合能均有所降低, 即黄铁矿表面出现了新价态的铁元素和硫元素;(2)在反应后的黄铁矿表面有新形态的硒—Se(0)形成, 同时也检测到了Se(Ⅳ)形态, 但Se(0)的含量占主导优势。由此推测, 黄铁矿去除水体中的Se(Ⅳ)以氧化还原为主, 同时伴随着吸附反应。该结果对于利用黄铁矿去除水体中具有高毒性的Se(Ⅳ)具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。