The laser cooling of ytterbium (Yb) atoms needs a 399-nm laser which operates on the strong 1S0 -1P1 transition and can be locked at the desired frequencies for different Yb isotopes. We demonstrate a frequency locking method using the fluorescence spectrum of an Yb atomic beam as a frequency reference. For unresolved fluorescence peaks, we make the spectrum of the even isotopes vanish by using the strong angular-dependence of the fluorescence radiations; the remained closely-spaced peaks are thus clearly resolved and able to serve as accurate frequency references. A computer-controlled servo system is used to lock the laser frequency to a single fluorescence peak of interest, and a frequency stability of 304 kHz is achieved. This frequency-locked laser enables us to realize stable blue magneto-optic-traps (MOT) for all abundant Yb isotopes.

We focus on the full relativistic quantum mechanical calculations from boron to fluorine atoms with electronic configuration of 1s22s22pn (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), where 1s22s2 is the closed shell and 2pn is the open shell. Their active electrons in the open shell occupy all the six spinors as far as possible. Therefore, we suggest a new rule called “maximum probability” for the full symmetry group relativistic theory. Furthermore, the spectral fine structure of the atomic ground states based on the full relativistic theory and their intervals of L-S splitting are all reasonable. It is impossible to calculate the L-S splitting through non-relativistic quantum mechanics. The relativistic effect of atomic mass is increased significantly by about 12 folds from boron atom to fluorine atom.

We investigate theoretically two-photon absorption spectroscopy modified by a control field in a confined Y-type four-level system. Dicke-narrowing effect occurs both in two-photon absorption lines and the dips of transparency against two-photon absorption due to enhanced contribution of slow atoms. We also find that the suppression and the enhancement of two-photon absorption can be modified by changing the strength of the control field and the detuning of three laser fields. This control of two-photon absorption may have some applications in information processing and optical devices.

A new high spectral resolution crystal spectrometer is designed to measure very low emissive X-ray spectra of laser-produced plasma in [EQUATION] nm range. A large open aperture ([EQUATION] (mm)) mica (002) spherically bent crystal with curvature radius [EQUATION] mm is used as dispersive and focusing element. The imaging plate is employed to obtain high spectral resolution with effective area of [EQUATION] (mm). The long designed path of the X-ray spectrometer beam is 980 mm from the source to the detector via the crystal. Experiment is carried out at a 20-J laser facility. X-ray spectra in an absolute intensity scale is obtained from Al laser-produced plasmas created by laser energy of 6.78 J. Samples of spectra obtained with spectral resolution of up to [EQUATION] are presented. The results clearly show that the device is good to diagnose laser high-density plasmas.

A new hyperspectral image compression method of spectral feature classification vector quantization (SFCVQ) and embedded zero-tree of wavelet (EZW) based on Karhunen-Loeve transformation (KLT) and integer wavelet transformation is represented. In comparison with the other methods, this method not only keeps the characteristics of high compression ratio and easy real-time transmission, but also has the advantage of high computation speed. After lifting based integer wavelet and SFCVQ coding are introduced, a system of nearly lossless compression of hyperspectral images is designed. KLT is used to remove the correlation of spectral redundancy as one-dimensional (1D) linear transform, and SFCVQ coding is applied to enhance compression ratio. The two-dimensional (2D) integer wavelet transformation is adopted for the decorrelation of 2D spatial redundancy. EZW coding method is applied to compress data in wavelet domain. Experimental results show that in comparison with the method of wavelet SFCVQ (WSFCVQ), the method of improved BiBlock zero tree coding (IBBZTC) and the method of feature spectral vector quantization (FSVQ), the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of this method can enhance over 9 dB, and the total compression performance is improved greatly.

The spectroscopic data recorded by dispersion spectrophotometer are usually degraded by the response function of the instrument. To improve the resolving power, double or triple cascade spectrophotometer and narrow slits have been employed, but the total flux of the radiation decreases accordingly, resulting in a lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a longer measuring time. However, the spectral resolution can be improved by mathematically removing the effect of the instrument response function. Based on the Shalvi-Weinstein criterion, a Gauss-Newton based kurtosis blind deconvolution algorithm for spectroscopic data is proposed. Experiments with some real measured Raman spectroscopic data show that this algorithm has excellent deconvolution capability.