Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a kind of adipose tissue engaging in thermoregulatory thermogenesis, metaboloregulatory thermogenesis, and secretory. Current studies have revealed that BAT activity is negatively correlated with adult body weight and is considered a target tissue for the treatment of obesity and other metabolic-related diseases. Additionally, the activity of BAT presents certain differences between different ages and genders. Clinically, BAT segmentation based on PET/CT data is a reliable method for brown fat research. However, most of the current BAT segmentation methods rely on the experience of doctors. In this paper, an improved U-net network, ICA-Unet, is proposed to achieve automatic and precise segmentation of BAT. First, the traditional 2D convolution layer in the encoder is replaced with a depth-wise overparameterized convolutional (Do-Conv) layer. Second, the channel attention block is introduced between the double-layer convolution. Finally, the image information entropy (IIE) block is added in the skip connections to strengthen the edge features. Furthermore, the performance of this method is evaluated on the dataset of PET/CT images from 368 patients. The results demonstrate a strong agreement between the automatic segmentation of BAT and manual annotation by experts. The average DICE coe±cient (DSC) is 0.9057, and the average Hausdorff distance is 7.2810. Experimental results suggest that the method proposed in this paper can achieve e±cient and accurate automatic BAT segmentation and satisfy the clinical requirements of BAT.

碘值是评价脂肪酸品质的重要指标, 为探究拉曼光谱技术结合化学计量学方法对完整脂肪样本中脂肪酸不饱和程度测定的可行性, 以猪肉皮下脂肪为研究对象, 利用实验室自主搭建的拉曼光谱检测系统, 获取其300~2000 cm-1波段的光谱, 进而利用该光谱进行预处理方法的优化研究和碘值相关变量的优选研究, 并以传统韦氏滴定法测定得到的碘值为参考值, 采用偏最小二乘法建立了完整脂肪样本中碘值的校正模型。结果表明: 8次多项式拟合基线校正为最优预处理方法; 经区间偏最小二乘法筛选得到的优选变量为1106~1470 cm-1; 结合最优预处理方法和优选变量建立碘值预测模型, 其预测集相关系数Rp和预测均方根误差（RMSEP）分别为0.9463和2.5391×10-2。研究结果证明, 优选的拉曼光谱变量可用于完整脂肪中碘值的快速无损测定, 为基于拉曼光谱的猪胴体脂肪酸不饱和程度的在线、快速、无损检测提供了理论依据。

目的: 以小鼠为模型, 建立一种基于流式细胞仪为检测手段的快速分离脂肪来源干细胞的方法, 解决间充质干细胞进入实际应用过程中遇到的难题。方法: 取BALB/c小鼠腹股沟内侧的皮下脂肪组织, 采用Ⅰ型胶原酶消化等系列措施, 获取脂肪干细胞(adipose-derived stem cells, ADSCs)。所得细胞分离培养4代后, 流式细胞仪分选出CD73+CD45- ADSCs后成骨诱导分化。碱性磷酸酶染色和实时荧光定量PCR检测其分化情况。结果: 刚分离培养的ADSCs细胞普遍呈圆形或椭圆形, 传至第三代的细胞, 非MSCs细胞逐渐被淘汰, 剩余的细胞形态逐渐变得一致, 细胞形态呈梭形。流式细胞仪检测发现ADSCs细胞表面抗原标记CD73+CD45- 为20.7%。所得的ADSCs成骨诱导分化后碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)染色呈阳性, 实时荧光定量PCR检测成骨标志基因发现它们表达上调, 其中ALP的表达高达22倍。结论: 本方法可以获得纯度较高的ADSCs, 且耗时少成本低; 且提示可采用该方法来获得大量的人源ADSCs用于组织工程修复。

Temporal changes in structure and refractive-index distribution of adipose tissue at photodynamic/ photothermal treatment were studied with OCT in vitro. Ethanol-water solutions of indocyanine green (ICG) and brilliant green (BG) were used for fat tissue staining. CW laser diode (808 nm) and LED light source (442 and 597 nm) were used for irradiation of stained tissue slices. The data received supporting the hypothesis that photodynamic/photothermal treatment, induces fat cell lipolysis during a certain period of time after light exposure.

讨论实验性动脉粥样硬化兔肝脏组织中Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb和Cd含量的变化。 采用高脂饮食复制兔动脉粥样硬化模型, 获取肝脏, 用HNO3-H2O2混合液微波消解样品, 采用原子吸收光谱法测定肝脏组织中Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb和Cd的含量。 正常组肝脏组织Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb和Cd含量分别为137.6, 362.3 14.39, 9.599 mg·kg-1和159.3, 355.0, 290.0 μg·kg-1, 高脂组肝脏组织Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb和Cd含量分别为86.09, 277.1, 11.07, 5.366 mg·kg-1和115.2, 286.0, 210.5 μg·kg-1。 高脂兔肝脏Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb和Cd含量降低, 可能与食物摄取和脂蛋白代谢异常有关。