圆顶视宁度是影响地基大口径望远镜成像质量重要的影响因素之一。视宁度产生的原因主要是由于空气折射率的不均匀变化导致，首先通过理论分析确定影响空气折射率的主要因素为空气的温度、速度和压力，然后借助CFD流体仿真软件，得到望远镜圆顶周围附近空气的温度场、速度场和压力场的变化，进而推算出望远镜成像光路中圆顶及望远镜附近周围空气折射率的变化情况，以评估不同结构形式圆顶所产生的圆顶视宁度对望远镜成像的影响。通过仿真分析可知，升降式圆顶更利于望远镜周围空气的温度、速度和压力的快速变化及稳定，能够减少圆顶视宁度的影响，为4 m级及更大口径望远镜的圆顶方案选择及设计提供指导。

Various coatings in high-power laser facilities suffer from laser damage due to nodule defects. We propose a nodule dome removal (NDR) strategy to eliminate unwanted localized electric-field (E-field) enhancement caused by nodule defects, thereby improving the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of laser coatings. It is theoretically demonstrated that the proposed NDR strategy can reduce the localized E-field enhancement of nodules in mirror coatings, polarizer coatings and beam splitter coatings. An ultraviolet (UV) mirror coating is experimentally demonstrated using the NDR strategy. The LIDT is improved to about 1.9 and 2.2 times for the UV mirror coating without artificial nodules and the UV mirror coating with artificial nodule seeds with a diameter of 1000 nm, respectively. The NDR strategy, applicable to coatings prepared by different deposition methods, improves the LIDT of laser coating without affecting other properties, such as the spectrum, stress and surface roughness, indicating its broad applicability in high-LIDT laser coatings.

基于夜间大气层顶反射率方向性分布特性，提出了一个基于精确模拟夜间辐射传输过程的低照度遥感载荷在轨辐射定标性能评估新方法。即以南极雪地Dome C为研究区，以MT2009（Miller-Turner 2009）大气层顶月球辐照度模型和大气层顶双向反射分布函数（Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function，BRDF）模型模拟的夜间星上辐亮度值为基准，分析相同几何条件下，可见光近红外成像辐射计夜间光波段（Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suit Day/Night Band，VIIRS DNB）观测辐亮度与基准值之间的一致性，发现在2018-2020年两者差值保持在4.97×10^-10 W?cm^-2?sr^-1左右，比VIIRS DNB最小探测阈值3×10^-9 W?cm^-2?sr^-1约低一个数量级，故从可接受的仪器灵敏度误差范围内，可判定VIIRS DNB载荷在美国极轨合作卫星（Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership，SNPP）和美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA-20）上在轨辐射定标性能均非常优良。另外，基于距离校正后的SNPP VIIRS DNB和NOAA-20 VIIRS DNB辐亮度开展了VIIRS DNB载荷在轨辐射定标稳定性分析，发现相同月相角下两载荷辐亮度一致性在6%以内。

针对高速飞行器气动加热效应对高速飞行器光学性能的影响，建立了防护罩热辐射模型。在此基础上，编写了仿真控制程序，利用TracePro软件，实现了光学自动追迹，动态模拟了防护罩热效应在整个光学系统扫描过程中产生的影响，以及在各光学运动部件单独扫描时的影响。通过对热效应引起的杂散光在玫瑰扫描过程中的传输路径分析，提出了建议改进措施，为高速飞行器光学性能分析及其环境失效研究提供了参考。

Traditional optical domes are spherical, which have a large air resistance coefficient. In order to reduce the coefficient of air resistance, conformal optical technology was proposed, which used a streamlined design of the outer surface of the dome. However, conformal domes generate dynamic aberrations varying significantly with look angles in the field of regard (FOR). Thus, correcting the dynamic aberrations is the core task of conformal optics. This Letter presented a correcting method of dynamic aberrations based on the diffraction surface and anamorphic asphere surface. This method is derived from the arch corrector and can only be used on the Roll-Nod gimbal. For the seeker with a Roll-Nod gimbal, the arch corrector is replaced with a diffractive surface superimposed on the inner surface of the conformal dome. To correct astigmatism, which is the main aberration that needs to be corrected, anamorphic asphere surfaces are used in the imaging system. Compared with the arch corrector, this method can reduce the size of the correction element while retaining sufficient design freedom. Design results show that this method can well correct the dynamic aberrations in a larger FOR. With a simpler form in structure, this method can improve the reliability of conformal optical systems and promote the application of conformal optical technology.