1 兰州理工大学 兰州 730000
2 中国科学院近代物理研究所 兰州 730000
3 中国科学院大学 北京 101408
西蓝花（Brassica oleracea var. italica）是我国重要的蔬菜作物之一，其种子主要源于进口，亟需开发属于我国的创新型品种。为探究高能重离子束对西蓝花的当代生物学效应，本研究采用碳离子束辐照西蓝花种子，检测其幼苗期的生长指标、抗氧化酶活性、光合指标和叶绿素荧光等参数。结果表明：100~500 Gy的辐照对种子的萌发没有显著影响，600 Gy显著抑制其萌发。100~600 Gy辐照后根长、芽长、苗高、叶面积总体上随剂量增加而降低。碳离子束辐照西蓝花的半致死剂量（Median lethal dose，LD50）为415.89 Gy，使根长减半的剂量为495.12 Gy。辐照后幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase，SOD）和过氧化物酶（Peroxidase，POD）活性均高于对照，过氧化氢酶（Catalase，CAT）的活性低于对照，400 Gy辐照后丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA）含量显著升高。随吸收剂量的增加光合色素（叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素）呈现先升高再降低的趋势，最高值出现在300 Gy处。净光合作用、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均与吸收剂量负相关，辐照后非光合淬灭系数显著升高。结果表明，重离子束辐照抑制了西蓝花植株的生长，影响了抗氧化酶活性和光合作用。本研究为西蓝花的重离子束辐照诱变育种提供了基础数据。
西蓝花 重离子束 辐照 诱变育种 生理响应 Brassica oleracea Heavy ion beam Irradiation Mutation induction breeding Physiological response 辐射研究与辐射工艺学报
2024, 42(1): 010402
辐射研究与辐射工艺学报
2023, 41(3): 030101
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Yohtoh 7-1-2, Utsunomiya, 321-8585, Japan
2 CORE (Center for Optical Research and Education), Utsunomiya University, Yohtoh 7-1-2, Utsunomiya, 321-8585, Japan
3 Department of Physics, Technical University of Varna, Ulitska, Studentska 1, Varna, Bulgaria
In this review paper on heavy ion inertial fusion (HIF), the state-of-the-art scientific results are presented and discussed on the HIF physics, including physics of the heavy ion beam (HIB) transport in a fusion reactor, the HIBs-ion illumination on a direct-drive fuel target, the fuel target physics, the uniformity of the HIF target implosion, the smoothing mechanisms of the target implosion non-uniformity and the robust target implosion. The HIB has remarkable preferable features to release the fusion energy in inertial fusion: in particle accelerators HIBs are generated with a high driver efficiency of ~30%-40%, and the HIB ions deposit their energy inside of materials. Therefore, a requirement for the fusion target energy gain is relatively low, that would be ~50-70 to operate a HIF fusion reactor with the standard energy output of 1 GWof electricity. The HIF reactor operation frequency would be ~10-15 Hz or so. Several-MJ HIBs illuminate a fusion fuel target, and the fuel target is imploded to about a thousand times of the solid density. Then the DT fuel is ignited and burned. The HIB ion deposition range is defined by the HIB ions stopping length, which would be ~1 mm or so depending on the material. Therefore, a relatively large density-scale length appears in the fuel target material. One of the critical issues in inertial fusion would be a spherically uniform target compression, which would be degraded by a non-uniform implosion. The implosion non-uniformity would be introduced by the Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability, and the large densitygradient- scale length helps to reduce the R-T growth rate. On the other hand, the large scale length of the HIB ions stopping range suggests that the temperature at the energy deposition layer in a HIF target does not reach a very-high temperature: normally about 300 eV or so is realized in the energy absorption region, and that a direct-drive target would be appropriate in HIF. In addition, the HIB accelerators are operated repetitively and stably. The precise control of the HIB axis manipulation is also realized in the HIF accelerator, and the HIB wobbling motion may give another tool to smooth the HIB illumination non-uniformity. The key issues in HIF physics are also discussed and presented in the paper.
Heavy ion inertial fusion Heavy ion inertial fusion Heavy ion fusion reactor system Heavy ion fusion reactor system Fusion fuel target implosion Fusion fuel target implosion Implosion dynamics Implosion dynamics Heavy ion beam transport Heavy ion beam transport Rayleigh- Taylor instability stabilization Rayleigh- Taylor instability stabilization Robust fusion system Robust fusion system Matter and Radiation at Extremes
2016, 1(2): 89
Author Affiliations
Abstract
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Recent research activities relevant to high energy density physics (HEDP) driven by the heavy ion beam at the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences are presented. Radiography of static objects with the fast extracted high energy carbon ion beam from the Cooling Storage Ring is discussed. Investigation of the low energy heavy ion beam and plasma interaction is reported. With HEDP research as one of the main goals, the project HIAF (High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility), proposed by the Institute of Modern Physics as the 12th five-year-plan of China, is introduced.
heavy ion beam high energy density physics ion beam and plasma interaction radiography High Power Laser Science and Engineering
2014, 2(4): 04000e39
1 中国科学院近代物理研究所.中国甘肃.兰州730000
2 甘肃省农科院.中国甘肃.兰州730070
3 兰州大学.中国甘肃.兰州730000
本文描述了荷能重离子束(14氮1+和14氮7+)在作物改良上的应用.为了探索离子束轰击小麦种子不同部位(例如:种皮,种胚和整粒种籽,包括胚乳、胚和种皮)后的不同反应,采用了不同能量的氮离子.轰击不同部位是通过改变离子能量来实现的.在这个研究中,我们选择了三种能量以达到轰击不同部位的目的,它们是超低能区的110keV,低能区的15.7MeV/u和中能区的72MeV/u.根据TRIM 91程序计算,它们在种子内的射程依次为0.44μm,0.61mm和9.6mm.所以,110 keV的离子不能贯穿种皮,因为它的厚度72μm,只能极浅层注入种皮而不能触及胚细胞(称这种情况为轰击部位1),15.7MeV/u的离子能够贯穿种皮并注入胚内(厚度约1mm),但不能进入胚乳(称这为轰击部位2),72MeV/u的离子能从种子的胚部到顶部贯穿整个麦粒(麦粒长约7 mm)(称这为轰击部位3). 上述三种能量的氮离子辐照了三个品种(定西24、88-12、82-579)的春小麦种子.而后进行了室内实验和大田培育,得到了50%出苗率时的剂量D50,统计了上述三个轰击部位下根尖细胞中的微核率及染色体畸变率,大田中产生了一些新的变异,例如增产(达百分之几十),早熟(五天左右),矮杆(低约20cm),抗(条锈)病,并且显示了轰击不同部位的突变频率与突变谱,还简略地讨论了三种情况的突变机理.
重离子 小麦 离子注入 离子贯穿 突变谱和频率 heavy ion beam Triticum Aestivum L ion implantation ion penetration mutation spectrum and frequency
1 中国科学院近代物理研究所,中国甘肃,兰州,730000
2 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,中国甘肃,兰州,730000
采用80MeV/u 20Ne10+离子束贯穿处理豆科与禾本科牧草种子,从实验室种子萌发和根尖细胞的观测分析,随着贯穿剂量的增加,幼苗生长明显减弱,呈负相关性;而染色体总畸变率和微核率随剂量的增加而显著增加,呈正相关性.结果表明:禾本科牧草比豆科牧草对重离子辐射敏感性强,禾本科牧草适宜剂量为20 Gy～30Gy,豆科牧草辐照剂量应高于150Gy.
重离子束 牧草 细胞 heavy ion beam herbage cell
1 中科院近代物理研究所,中国甘肃,兰州,730000
2 中科院近代物理研究所,中国甘??兰州,730000
3 兰州大学生物系,中国甘肃,兰州,730000
为了证明DNA双链断裂(DSB)片段分布与DNA序列有关的假设,采用32keV/μm的12C6+离子和45keV/μm的13C6+离子分别辐照pUC18质粒,结合限制性内切酶处理,进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,分析DNA断裂和片段分布.结果表明:除了由一个DSB导致的线性DNA带外,还出现了一条新的、小分子量线性DNA带;限制性内切酶处理后,有另一条线性DNA带产生.证明重离子辐照诱导的DSB是非随机分布的,DNA分子上存在对电离辐射相对敏感的位点.
质粒 重离子辐照 DNA双链断裂 非随机分布 plasmid heavy-ion beam DNA double-strand break non-random distribution
中国科学院近代物理研究所,中国甘肃,兰州,730000
本文介绍了重离子束的基本特性和在生命科学应用中的优势,以及它的能区划分,传能线密度LET,相对生物效率RBE等,分别叙述了中、高能和低能离子束与介质作用的特点、在农学中应用的模式及其吸收剂量的计算,最后还对一些机理问题进行了简单讨论.
重离子束 传能线密度 离子注入 离子贯穿 吸收剂量 作用机理 heavy ion beam LET ion implantation ion penetration absorbed dose effect mechanism
1 中国科学院近代物理研究所,中国甘肃,兰州,730000
2 兰州大学生命科学学院,中国甘肃,兰州,730000
我国科学工作者率先将低能重离子束成功地应用于作物诱变育种,并建立了能量、质量和电荷三因子作用机制体系,但至今有关理论射程很短的低能重离子注入生物体后如何通过信息传递而诱发生物学效应的机理尚不完全清楚.低能重离子在作物种胚内的实际射程分布迄今仍是一个颇有争议的热点问题,而该项研究就直接触及低能离子束与生物组织细胞的原初作用机制.应用低能放射性束或具有可探测放射性的核反应产物,通过超薄切片和逐层分析测定,即可定量计算不同能量的低能离子束在作物种胚内的射程分布.本文还探讨了激光共聚焦扫描显微镜、原子力显微镜、X-射线能谱分析技术、单粒子微束技术和图像处理等技术途径在该项研究中的应用.
低能重离子束 作物种胚 生物学效应 射程 Low Energy Heavy Ion Beam Crop Seed Embryo Biological Effects Range
