Laser plasma accelerators (LPAs) enable the generation of intense and short proton bunches on a micrometre scale, thus offering new experimental capabilities to research fields such as ultra-high dose rate radiobiology or material analysis. Being spectrally broadband, laser-accelerated proton bunches allow for tailored volumetric dose deposition in a sample via single bunches to excite or probe specific sample properties. The rising number of such experiments indicates a need for diagnostics providing spatially resolved characterization of dose distributions with volumes of approximately 1 cm ${}^3$ for single proton bunches to allow for fast online feedback. Here we present the scintillator-based miniSCIDOM detector for online single-bunch tomographic reconstruction of dose distributions in volumes of up to approximately 1 cm ${}^3$ . The detector achieves a spatial resolution below 500 $\unicode{x3bc}$ m and a sensitivity of 100 mGy. The detector performance is tested at a proton therapy cyclotron and an LPA proton source. The experiments’ primary focus is the characterization of the scintillator’s ionization quenching behaviour.

近年来，一项被称为FLASH放疗的新技术具有将辐射的治疗增益比推向一个新高度的潜力。FLASH放疗是一种以超高剂量率照射为主要特征的放疗技术，能显著减轻辐射对正常组织的损伤，同时保留辐射对肿瘤的杀伤能力。一方面，作为一种新兴的放疗技术，FLASH放疗的生物学机制尚未被阐明，这阻碍了其临床转化；另一方面，超高剂量率照射技术的临床应用也存在许多技术困难。本综述通过归纳FLASH放射生物学机制的研究进展，总结FLASH放疗治疗计划所面临的困难及可能的解决方案，旨在为后续FLASH放疗的临床转化提供参考。