从惯性约束聚变系统高功率固体激光驱动器中具有典型意义的大口径激光传输反射镜的装配结构及其面形精度特点出发，对其波前误差进行了精细化建模分析，分别研究了粗糙度、纹波度和轮廓度的波前误差模型。在此基础上，进一步针对如何在装校过程中将装配应力产生的波前误差控制在合理范围内的问题，提出了方均根梯度与峰谷值相结合的波前误差评价和控制方法，并通过实验验证了其可行性，以期为我国神光-III主机装置大口径反射镜装校过程中波前误差控制提供科学指导方法。

To overcome the problem of cleanliness in the laser′s internal cavity, a glass cavity design for a Nd: glass slab amplifier was proposed, which uses UV-stop quartz glass for its main structure.The design of the main structure of the glass cavity and the sealing are optimized, and metal-coated surfaces are used to prevent light from escaping.The cleanliness of the stainless steel cavity of the slab amplifier of the SG-II-UP laser and the glass cavity of a 100 slab amplifier were compared; the cleanliness of the glass cavity was found to be 70% better than that of the stainless cavity. Further, advanced system analysis program was used to simulate the designed amplifier, with the pumping ratio of the Nd: glass in the glass cavity being increased by 8.84%.Thus, the glass cavity decreases the production of aerosols and enhances the pumping ratio of the Nd∶glass.

To overcome the problem of cleanliness in the laser′s internal cavity, a glass cavity design for a Nd: glass slab amplifier was proposed, which uses UV-stop quartz glass for its main structure.The design of the main structure of the glass cavity and the sealing are optimized, and metal-coated surfaces are used to prevent light from escaping.The cleanliness of the stainless steel cavity of the slab amplifier of the SG-II-UP laser and the glass cavity of a 100 slab amplifier were compared; the cleanliness of the glass cavity was found to be 70% better than that of the stainless cavity. Further, advanced system analysis program was used to simulate the designed amplifier, with the pumping ratio of the Nd: glass in the glass cavity being increased by 8.84%.Thus, the glass cavity decreases the production of aerosols and enhances the pumping ratio of the Nd∶glass.

通过离线实验指出了神光Ⅲ主机装置联机调试阶段中限制系统隔离比提高的主要因素来自于转角体结构中反射膜引入的退偏效应。从膜系理论出发建立了神光Ⅲ主机装置中的转角体结构的反射系数的计算模型，进而通过计算指出了退偏效应的主要来源是反射膜层厚度的偏差，然后通过数值计算与离线实验结果的对比确定了转角体结构中各个反射镜的反射系数。由此得到了转角体结构的总反射系数及其造成的神光Ⅲ主机装置系统隔离比的提升上限和进一步提升系统隔离比的思路。

基于菲涅耳公式，分析了偏振光通过钕玻璃片的透射率及反射率，讨论了高功率固体激光装置离轴光束对隔离性能的影响。根据光轴和小开关晶体晶轴走偏导致的退偏损耗的原理，可以使用开关晶体的姿态去补偿光束旋转误差的退偏损耗。实验结果表明，钕玻璃片小角度变化不影响系统对偏振光选择性通过，并且利用开关晶体来补偿光束旋转误差的退偏损耗能提高系统隔离比3倍以上。

利用共轭原理设计了用于惯性约束聚变的束靶耦合传感器，不仅解决高精度打靶，同时避免模拟准直光在瞄准过程中直接辐照实验靶。根据束靶耦合传感器的设计功能和工作原理，进行系统的光学设计和机械结构设计，通过成像实验采集的图像光学分辨力达到6 μm，束靶耦合精度8.8 μm。该束靶耦合传感器已经成功应用于神光-Ⅲ原型装置，通过针孔相机采集的四孔CH靶图像，统计计算得到装置的打靶精度优于25 μm，满足设计打靶的束靶耦合精度的指标。

采用神光-Ⅲ原型装置“多路放大器级联”的方式，构建了神光-Ⅲ主机装置主放大器构型验证平台。在此平台上开展了小开关隔离能力、主放大系统静态透过率、主放大系统隔离比等性能测试，并且考核了大能量发射时的主放大系统基频光输出能力。结果表明：输出基频光的平均通量达到了神光-Ⅲ主机装置的设计水平，同时验证了神光-Ⅲ主机装置主放大系统构型设计的可行性。

综述了目前获得高功率激光输出的板条、薄片激光器以及运行于热容模式固体激光器抽运耦合方式的进展，分析了这几种固体激光器的抽运耦合技术路径，比较了各类抽运耦合方式在克服热效应方面的优缺点，展望了固体激光器抽运耦合技术的发展趋势。