Polymer shells with high sphericity and uniform wall thickness are always needed in the inertial confined fusion (ICF) experiments. Driven by the need to control the shape of water-in-oil (W1/O) compound droplets, the effects of the density matching level, the interfacial tension and the rotation speed of the continuing fluid field on the sphericity and wall thickness uniformity of the resulting polymer shells were investigated and the spherical and concentric mechanisms were also discussed. The centering of W1/O compound droplets, the location and movement of W1/O compound droplets in the external phase (W2) were significantly affected by the density matching level of the key stage and the rotation speed of the continuing fluid field. Therefore, by optimizing the density matching level and rotation speed, the batch yield of polystyrene (PS) shells with high sphericity and uniform wall thickness increased. Moreover, the sphericity also increased by raising the oil/water (O/W2) interfacial tension, which drove a droplet to be spherical. The experimental results show that the spherical driving force is from the interfacial tension affected by the two relative phases, while the concentric driving force, as a resultant force, is not only affected by the three phases, but also by the continuing fluid field. The understanding of spherical and concentric mechanism can provide some guidance for preparing polymer shells with high sphericity and uniform wall thickness.Physics for financial support (2014B0302052) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1530260).

为提高惯性约束聚变（ICF）点火靶尺度（约2 mm）聚苯乙烯（PS）空心微球的球形度,研究了油相与外水相界面张力、初始油相质量分数和固化旋转流场转速对PS微球球形度的影响。结果表明,将双重乳液体系外水相中的表面活性剂聚乙烯醇（PVA）替换为聚丙烯酸（PAA）后,油相与外水相之间的界面张力增大了约10倍,PS空心微球的球形度显著提高,球形偏离度小于1 μm的微球比例由5%增加至约50%；但是,在较宽范围内改变油相初始质量分数及旋转固化流场转速,对PS微球球形度的影响并不显著,球形偏离度值小于1 μm的PS微球比例介于40%~60%之间。

为了有效监控绝缘油的运行状态,采用定量分析方法探讨了微量水分对绝缘油表面张力的影响规律。通过配制不同微水含量的绝缘油样,对每组油样进行表面张力测试,然后对油样进行红外光谱扫描,获取了油样中水分在特征波数处(1 640,3 400,3 450,3 615 cm-1)的吸光度值。分析了油液中2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(T501)等添加剂对油样表面张力变化规律的影响。结果表明: 油样中水分含量与水分特征吸光度值之间有较好的相关性(相关系数分别为0.964 1,0.984 8,0.984 5,0.944 0),油样表面张力和1 640,3 400,3 450,3 615,3 650 cm-1波数处油样吸光度值的变化亦均呈现良好的正相关性。建立了油样表面张力与特征波数处油样吸光度值的多元线性回归模型,拟合精度为0.992 8;根据模型得到的表面张力计算值与实际测量值误差为-0.07~006%,吻合性较好。文中的实验可为含微水绝缘油的表面张力检测提供理论支撑。

在激光聚变实验中，高球形度、高厚度均一性的靶丸经常通过乳液微封装方法来制备。利用T.Norimatsu的模型研究在靶丸制备过程中，界面间表面张力、油相粘度、壳层尺寸、壳层厚度的影响。结果显示：较大的表面张力，较小的壳层尺寸，会使胶囊具有更好的均一性。当外部变形形式不同的时候，油相的粘度对于壳层均一性会有不同作用。

采用特定的“导电基片/绝缘膜层”微透镜阵列内芯材料，研究其表面的介质上电润湿(EWOD)特性。利用图像采集与数据处理方法测量了0~60 V电压范围内硫酸钠水溶液液滴在“不锈钢基片/Parylene绝缘层”芯片表面的接触角变化数据，通过EWOD理论模型计算得到硫酸钠溶液的表面张力值，此值与理论值相吻合。进而计算了内芯与液滴的界面张力，这种方法可用于一般固液界面张力的测量。