激光散斑对比成像(LSCI)是一种以宽视场方式监测血流速度的非扫描光学成像技术。LSCI技术具有高时间-空间分辨率、快速实时成像、非接触式、仪器结构简单、无需造影剂等优势。本文简要介绍了LSCI的基本原理，概述了反射式LSCI和透射式LSCI两种结构，综述了LSCI在皮肤血流、大脑皮层和视网膜血流等生物医学应用中的最新研究进展，并对其发展前景做了进一步展望，为血流监测提供理论依据和实践指导。

The influence of ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) action on pancreatic blood flow (PBF) and the development of acute pancreatitis (AP) in laboratory rats is evaluated in vivo by using the laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI). Additionally, the optical properties in norm and under condition of AP in rats were assessed using a modified integrating sphere spectrometer and inverse Monte Carlo (IMC) software. The results of the experimental study of microcirculation of the pancreas in 82 rats in the ischemic model are presented. The data obtained confirm the fact that local ischemia and changes in the blood flow velocity of the main vessels cause and provoke acute pancreatitis.

使用OCT初步探究了艾灸对经络上不同穴位表皮微循环的影响。对每位健康志愿者先后进行3次大陵穴艾灸实验, 共得到30组实验数据。每组对4个观测点进行10次测量, 共获得1200次实验数据。基于OCT信号的成像特性与组织光学中的光学特性参数, 对穴位处深度为0.4~1.0mm的后向散射信号区间内进行拟合, 获得了穴位皮肤的光衰减系数。结果显示, 与自然状态下的皮肤光衰减系数相比艾灸后30min内穴位皮肤光衰减系数升高约40%, 艾灸点所在经络上的其他穴位后向散射信号强度明显降低。而在临近经络的非穴位对照点和其他经络上的对照点处并没有观察到这一现象。表明了, 利用OCT可以观测到艾灸对穴位皮肤微循环的影响可以通过经络这一通道进行传递至其它穴位, 这种现象具有一定的临床意义, 也进一步扩展了传统OCT的运用范围。

The intra-operative real-time assessment of tissue viability can potentially improve therapy delivery and clinical outcome in cardiovascular therapies. Cardiac ablation therapy for the treatment of supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmia continues to be done without being able to assess if the intended lesion and lesion size have been achieved. Here, we report a method for continuous measurements of cardiac muscle microcirculation to provide an instrument for realtime ablation monitoring. We performed two acute open chest animal studies to assess the ability to perform real-time monitoring of creation and size of ablation lesion using a standard RF irrigated catheter. Radiofrequency ablation and laser Doppler were applied to different endocardial areas of alive open-chest pig. We performed two experiments at three different RF ablation energy setting and different ablation times. Perfusion signals before and after ablation were found extensively and distinctively different. By increasing the ablation energy and time, the perfusion signal was decreasing. In vivo assessing the local microcirculation during RF ablation by laser Doppler can potentially be useful to differentiate between viable and nonviable ablated beating heart in real time.

本研究使用手持式扫频光学相干层析(SSOCT)系统分别在人左手无名指指甲上方、无名指指腹和手掌大拇指根部选取3 mm×3 mm区域进行了在体成像, 使用指数补偿方法还原血流信息, 获取不同深度的血流正面光学断层图像(en face图像), 从血管灌注密度(PD)、血管直径(VD)两个方面分析了微循环随深度的变化特性。试验结果证明, 在上述三个成像位置中, 随着成像深度的增加, 血管PD与血管VD均增大, 血流信息的丰富程度增加, 但同时en face图像的清晰度有所下降。其中左掌大拇指根部微血管最为细密, 血流信息较为丰富, 比较适宜作为微循环疾病诊断研究的成像部位。分层投影结果显示, 左手无名指指甲上方部位在成像深度较浅(220~660 μm)时, 血管PD明显小于其他两个成像部位, 说明此处在该范围内血流信息丰富程度不够。本文测量了随深度变化的手部血流几何学特征, 验证了光学相干层析(OCT)技术基于手部皮下微循环光学断层图像进行疾病诊断的可行性。许多微循环疾病早期就已经产生了微血管病变, 因此对这种微循环变化的探测在疾病的早期诊断方面具有临床指导意义。

目的：探讨激光光凝联合羟苯磺酸钙及血栓通对糖尿病视网膜病变微循环及炎性因子的影响。方法：选取DR患者86例, 按照数字列表法随机分为对照组和联合组, 每组43例。对照组给予激光光凝治疗, 联合组在激光光凝治疗基础上加用羟苯磺酸钙及血栓通治疗。观察两组治疗前后血管瘤、黄斑、出血斑、视力、视野灰度值、视网膜中央动脉及睫状后短动脉的峰值血流速度(PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)及空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后 2 h 血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血钙、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数、血小板聚集率、低氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)等指标。比较两组临床疗效。结果：①联合组治疗总有效率(95.35%)明显高于对照组(72.09%)(P＜0. 05)。②两组治疗后FBG、P2hBG、HbA1c较治疗前均有下降(P＜0.05), 但两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。③与治疗前比较, 两组治疗后血管瘤、黄斑、出血斑、视力、视野灰度值、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数、血小板聚集率、视网膜中央动脉及睫状后短动脉PSV、EDV、RI及HIF-1α、VEGF、IL-1β、MMP-9水平均有改善(P＜0.05), 但联合组改善情况显著优于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论：与激光单用相比, 激光联合羟苯磺酸钙及血栓通治疗DR的疗效显著, 可显著改善患者的微循环和炎性反应状态, 临床应用价值较高。

The detection of early gastric cancer that often develops asymptomatically is crucial for improving patient survival. The photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) of gastric cancer using 5-aminolevulinic acid/protoporphyrin IX (5-ALA/PpIX) has been reported in several studies. However, the selectivity of PDD of gastric tumor is poor with often false-positive results that require the development of new methods to improve PDD for early gastric cancer. Therefore, a measure of the complexity of gastric microcirculation (multi-scale entropy, MSE) and the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) were applied as additional tools to detect early gastric cancer in rats.In this experimental study, we used our original model of metastatic adenocarcinoma in the stomach of a rat. To induce a gastric tumor, we used a long-term combination (for 9 months, which is 1/2 of the life of rats) of two natural factors, such as chronic stress (overpopulation being typical for modern cities) and the daily presence of nitrites in food and drinks, which are common ingredients added to processed meat and fish to help preserve food. Our results clearly show that both methods, namely, PDD using 5-ALA/PpIX and complexity/correlation analysis, can detect early gastric cancer, which was confirmed by histological analysis. Pre-cancerous areas in the stomach were detected as an intermediate fluorescent signal or MSE level between normal and malignant lesions of the stomach. However, in some cases, PDD with 5-ALA/PpIX produced a false-positive fluorescence of exogenous fluorophores due to its accumulation in benign and inflammatory areas of the mucosa. This fact indicates that the PDD itself is not sufficient for the correct diagnosis of gastric cancer, and the use of additional characteristics, e.g., complexity measures or scaling exponents, can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of PDD of gastric cancer that should be confirmed in further clinical studies and applications.

提出了一种用于对人体皮肤的微血管成像的手持式扫频光学相干层析系统。对比分析了功率强度差分(PID)、散斑方差(SV)以及基于对数强度的差分标准差(DSDLI)3种算法对实际成像分辨率等的影响，并用3种算法获得的人体皮肤在体截面和正面图说明3种血流成像算法的成像性能。结果表明：相比于PID和SV算法，DSDLI算法重建的血流图像中的血管更加清晰，血管信息更多，且能捕获到其他两种算法重建图像中看不到的血管。

以艾灸前后血流灌注指数为观察对象,研究艾灸对人体微循环的作用。将10个人分别进行不同时间(10 min、15 min、20 min)的艾灸和物理加热,使用激光散斑血流仪对检测区域进行测量和成像,观察各组穴区血流灌注指数的变化。经艾灸或者物理加热后,穴位处的血流灌注指数均有明显升高并有一个峰值,艾灸峰值出现在停止加热后,物理加热峰值出现在加热时间内,停止加热后,艾灸效应持续时间比物理加热长。研究表明,艾灸能够引起穴位局部微循环血流量增加,并与其作用于机体的时间有关,艾灸对机体产生作用的最主要原因是温热效应。

The wireless distributed acquisition system for near infrared spectroscopy (WDA-NIRS) is a portable, ultra-compact, continuous wave (CW) NIRS system. Its main advantage is that it allows continuous synchronized multi-site hemodynamic monitoring. The WDA-NIRS system calculates online changes in hemoglobin concentration based on modified Beer-Lambert law and the tissue oxygenation index based on the spatial-resolved spectroscopy method. It consists of up to seven signal acquisition units, sufficiently small to be easily attached to any part of the body. These units are remotely synchronized by a PC base station for independent acquisition of NIRS signals. Each acquisition module can be freely adapted to individual requirements such as local skin properties and the microcirculation of interest, e.g., different muscles, brain, skin, etc. For this purpose, the light emitted by each LED can be individually, interactively or automatically adjusted to local needs. Furthermore, the user can freely create an emitter time-multiplexing protocol and choose the detector sensitivity most suitable to a particular situation. The potential diagnostic value of this advanced device is demonstrated by three typical applications.