Complex-amplitude holographic metasurfaces (CAHMs) with the flexibility in modulating phase and amplitude profiles have been used to manipulate the propagation of wavefront with an unprecedented level, leading to higher image-reconstruction quality compared with their natural counterparts. However, prevailing design methods of CAHMs are based on Huygens-Fresnel theory, meta-atom optimization, numerical simulation and experimental verification, which results in a consumption of computing resources. Here, we applied residual encoder-decoder convolutional neural network to directly map the electric field distributions and input images for monolithic metasurface design. A pretrained network is firstly trained by the electric field distributions calculated by diffraction theory, which is subsequently migrated as transfer learning framework to map the simulated electric field distributions and input images. The training results show that the normalized mean pixel error is about 3% on dataset. As verification, the metasurface prototypes are fabricated, simulated and measured. The reconstructed electric field of reverse-engineered metasurface exhibits high similarity to the target electric field, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our design. Encouragingly, this work provides a monolithic field-to-pattern design method for CAHMs, which paves a new route for the direct reconstruction of metasurfaces.

In this work, we developed a simple and direct circuit model with a dual two-diode model that can be solved by a SPICE numerical simulation to comprehensively describe the monolithic perovskite/crystalline silicon (PVS/c-Si) tandem solar cells. We are able to reveal the effects of different efficiency-loss mechanisms based on the illuminated current density-voltage (J-V), semi-log dark J-V, and local ideality factor (m-V) curves. The effects of the individual efficiency-loss mechanism on the tandem cell’s efficiency are discussed, including the exp(V/V_T) and exp(V/2V_T) recombination, the whole cell’s and subcell’s shunts, and the Ohmic-contact or Schottky-contact of the intermediate junction. We can also fit a practical J-V curve and find a specific group of parameters by the trial-and-error method. Although the fitted parameters are not a unique solution, they are valuable clues for identifying the efficiency loss with the aid of the cell’s structure and experimental processes. This method can also serve as an open platform for analyzing other tandem solar cells by substituting the corresponding circuit models. In summary, we developed a simple and effective methodology to diagnose the efficiency-loss source of a monolithic PVS/c-Si tandem cell, which is helpful to researchers who wish to adopt the proper approaches to improve their solar cells.

基于500 nm 磷化铟双异质结双极晶体管（InP DHBT）工艺，设计了一种工作在33~170 GHz频段的超宽带共源共栅功率放大器。输入端和输出端的平行短截线起到变换阻抗和拓展带宽的作用，输出端紧密相邻的耦合传输线补偿了一部分高频传输损耗。测试结果表明，该放大器的最大增益在115 GHz达到11.98 dB，相对带宽为134.98%，增益平坦度为±2 dB，工作频段内增益均好于10 dB，输出功率均好于1 dBm。

单片集成式主振荡功率放大器（MOPA）具有体积小、功率大、光束质量高等优势，通过集成布拉格光栅，还能够实现窄线宽和动态单模，在倍频、泵浦、光通信和传感等领域具有重要应用价值，是近年来半导体光电子器件的研究热点。本文梳理了单片集成式MOPA的主流结构，包括锥形、脊型、布拉格光栅型和三段式MOPA，以各自的工作原理和性能特征为出发点，介绍其主要的研究方向，并结合它们各自面临的问题介绍最新的发展趋势。针对单片集成式MOPA中普遍存在的高功率下光束质量退化的问题，梳理了近年在外延层结构、腔面光学薄膜和电极设置等方面的优化设计，重点总结了单片集成式MOPA在提高光束质量及高功率、容线宽及高亮度方面的重要进展。围绕不同领域的应用需求，整理了具备高功率、窄线宽、高光束质量和高亮度等性能特征的单片集成式MOPA的研究进展，最后展望了单片集成式MOPA的发展趋势。