以生物废弃物银杏叶作为前体，通过一步水热法制备了生物质碳点，该碳点可用于银纳米颗粒的合成。得到的银纳米颗粒在硼氢化钠存在的条件下，可催化有机染料甲基橙和罗丹明6G的还原脱色。该实验让学生有机会接触到前沿的纳米技术以及分析化学、催化动力学等领域，可显著提高学生的综合实验能力，为分析化学实验教学改革提供参考。

Lithium niobate (LN) has experienced significant developments during past decades due to its versatile properties, especially its large electro-optic (EO) coefficient. For example, bulk LN-based modulators with high speeds and a superior linearity are widely used in typical fiber-optic communication systems. However, with ever-increasing demands for signal transmission capacity, the high power and large size of bulk LN-based devices pose great challenges, especially when one of its counterparts, integrated silicon photonics, has experienced dramatic developments in recent decades. Not long ago, high-quality thin-film LN on insulator (LNOI) became commercially available, which has paved the way for integrated LN photonics and opened a hot research area of LN photonics devices. LNOI allows a large refractive index contrast, thus light can be confined within a more compact structure. Together with other properties of LN, such as nonlinear/acousto-optic/pyroelectric effects, various kinds of high-performance integrated LN devices can be demonstrated. A comprehensive summary of advances in LN photonics is provided. As LN photonics has experienced several decades of development, our review includes some of the typical bulk LN devices as well as recently developed thin film LN devices. In this way, readers may be inspired by a complete picture of the evolution of this technology. We first introduce the basic material properties of LN and several key processing technologies for fabricating photonics devices. After that, various kinds of functional devices based on different effects are summarized. Finally, we give a short summary and perspective of LN photonics. We hope this review can give readers more insight into recent advances in LN photonics and contribute to the further development of LN related research.

液相等离子体是冷等离子体的一个新分支，具有温度低、传质传热快、常压操作、反应活性高等特点。基于液相等离子体的过程强化技术在纳米材料制备、挥发性有机物降解、杀菌消毒、化学合成等领域有广泛的应用前景。以液相等离子体中纳米材料的制备为研究对象，介绍了反应体系可能存在的活性粒子、检测方法和反应机理；对常见的反应器结构进行归纳整理，按照放电是否在电解液内部进行将其分为非浸没式和浸没式液相等离子体两大类，并列举了几种典型的反应器结构；介绍了几类利用液相等离子体技术制备纳米材料的典例，并对该领域的研究现状做了总结；对该领域亟需解决的问题与发展方向进行讨论与展望。

The flat endface of an optical fiber tip is an emerging light-coupled microscopic platform that combines fiber optics with planar micro- and nanotechnologies. Since different materials and structures are integrated onto the endfaces, optical fiber tip devices have miniature sizes, diverse integrated functions, and low insertion losses, making them suitable for all-optical networks. In recent decades, the increasing demand for multifunctional optical fibers has created opportunities to develop various structures on fiber tips. Meanwhile, the unconventional shape of optical fibers presents challenges involving the adaptation of standard planar micro- and nanostructure preparation strategies for fiber tips. In this context, researchers are committed to exploring and optimizing fiber tip manufacturing techniques, thereby paving the way for future integrated all-fiber devices with multifunctional applications. First, we present a broad overview of current fabrication technologies, classified as “top-down,” “bottom-up,” and “material transfer” methods, for patterning optical fiber tips. Next, we review typical structures integrated on fiber tips and their known and potential applications, categorized with respect to functional structure configurations, including “optical functionalization” and “electrical integration.” Finally, we discuss the prospects for future opportunities involving multifunctional integrated fiber tips.