Physiotherapeutic effects of infrared lasers have been proved in clinic. These infrared-based regulations of the bioelectrical activities can roughly be classified into enhancement and suppression of action potential (AP), which are described by sodium (Na) and potassium (K) transmembrane current equations, named as Hodgkin and Huxley (HH)-model. The enhancement effect is able to evoke or strengthen the AP when infrared light is applied. Its corresponding mechanism is commonly ascribed to the changes of the cell membrane capacitance, which is transiently increased in response to the infrared radiation. The distinctive feature of the suppression effect is to inhibit or reduce the AP by the designed protocols of infrared radiation. However, its mechanism presents more complexity than that in enhancement cases. HH-model describes how the Na current determines the initial phase of AP. So, the enhancement and suppression of AP can be also ascribed to the regulations of the corresponding Na currents. Here, a continuous infrared light at the wavelength of 980nm (CIS-980) was employed to stimulate a freshly isolated hippocampal neuron in vitro and a suppression effect on the Na currents of the neuron cell was observed. Both Na and K currents, which are named as whole cell currents, were simultaneously recorded with the cell membrane capacitance current by using a patch clamp combined with infrared irradiation. The results demonstrated that the CIS-980 was able to reversibly increase the capacitance currents, completely suppressed Na currents, but little changed K currents, which forms the steady outward whole cell currents and plays a major role on the AP repolarization. A confirmation experiment was designed and carried out by synchronizing tens of milliseconds of infrared stimulation on the same kinds of hippocampal neuron cells. After the blocked K channel, a reduction of Na current amplitude was still recorded. This proved that infrared suppression of Na current was irrelevant to K channel. A membrane capacitance mediation process was preliminarily proposed to explain the Na channel suppression process.Physiotherapeutic effects of infrared lasers have been proved in clinic. These infrared-based regulations of the bioelectrical activities can roughly be classified into enhancement and suppression of action potential (AP), which are described by sodium (Na) and potassium (K) transmembrane current equations, named as Hodgkin and Huxley (HH)-model. The enhancement effect is able to evoke or strengthen the AP when infrared light is applied. Its corresponding mechanism is commonly ascribed to the changes of the cell membrane capacitance, which is transiently increased in response to the infrared radiation. The distinctive feature of the suppression effect is to inhibit or reduce the AP by the designed protocols of infrared radiation. However, its mechanism presents more complexity than that in enhancement cases. HH-model describes how the Na current determines the initial phase of AP. So, the enhancement and suppression of AP can be also ascribed to the regulations of the corresponding Na currents. Here, a continuous infrared light at the wavelength of 980nm (CIS-980) was employed to stimulate a freshly isolated hippocampal neuron in vitro and a suppression effect on the Na currents of the neuron cell was observed. Both Na and K currents, which are named as whole cell currents, were simultaneously recorded with the cell membrane capacitance current by using a patch clamp combined with infrared irradiation. The results demonstrated that the CIS-980 was able to reversibly increase the capacitance currents, completely suppressed Na currents, but little changed K currents, which forms the steady outward whole cell currents and plays a major role on the AP repolarization. A confirmation experiment was designed and carried out by synchronizing tens of milliseconds of infrared stimulation on the same kinds of hippocampal neuron cells. After the blocked K channel, a reduction of Na current amplitude was still recorded. This proved that infrared suppression of Na current was irrelevant to K channel. A membrane capacitance mediation process was preliminarily proposed to explain the Na channel suppression process.

随着半导体技术的广泛应用, 低维纳米材料及其范德瓦尔斯异质结以其独特的结构、优异的性能以及广阔的潜在应用前景而得到广泛关注。二维过渡金属二硫化物(Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Family of Materials, TMDs)的出现, 为解决石墨烯材料带隙设计问题提供了新思路和新方案。主要介绍了二硫化钼及其与金属氧化物、金属颗粒、低维碳材料、MXenes等材料耦合形成的异质结材料的合成技术。综述了二硫化钼及其范德瓦尔斯异质结材料在新能源领域、光电子领域的应用。最后, 展望了二硫化钼及其范德瓦尔斯异质结材料与金属等离子体纳米结构组成的新型复合材料及其在光电领域的应用潜力。

激光具有高亮度、高方向性、高能量、高光束质量等优点，已被广泛应用于工业、传感、通信和医疗等领域，尤其是在医学领域已被用于治疗血管疾病。血栓是一种严重的血管疾病，发病机理较为复杂。血栓会导致血管内血液堵塞，器官供血不足，严重危害人体生命健康。激光技术的快速发展推动了激光医疗的研究进展，脉冲激光以其较高的重复频率、高能量、高峰值功率等优点，在治疗血栓方面具有广阔的应用前景。激光作用于血栓主要通过其与生物组织之间发生的光化学效应、光热效应和光机械效应实现激光溶栓。本文综述了激光在血栓消融方面的应用现状，主要从体外及临床治疗方面进行总结，归纳了激光溶栓的应用进展以及未来可能的发展方向。

激光热疗是多种眼底视网膜疾病的首选疗法。然而，激光参数选取不当造成的感光细胞损伤概率可达50%以上。构建准确的全眼三维传热模型可为临床医生选取激光参数提供依据。为此，本团队基于真实眼球结构建立了全眼宏观传热模型，通过数值模拟分析了人眼外部环境、眼前部组织吸收和脉络膜血流灌注对激光手术过程中眼底温度分布的影响。结果显示：角膜与环境间的对流换热会导致眼球温度发生变化，但对眼底手术的影响较小；在临床常用的450～900 nm波段内，不考虑眼前部组织对激光能量的吸收时，眼底各层温升误差可达24%；脉络膜血流灌注项对激光手术中眼球温度分布的影响主要取决于脉宽，经瞳孔温热疗法下考虑和忽略脉络膜血流灌注效应时眼底温升分别为11.54 ℃和21.15 ℃，计算误差可达83%。

为了解决目前水中纳米塑料颗粒难以富集和检测的问题，基于金（Au）纳米粒子和聚苯乙烯（PS）纳米粒子的混合流体，使用自搭建的光操控-显微拉曼系统实现了PS纳米粒子的光热效应捕获和检测，并研究了混合流体中PS纳米粒子的光热效应及表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）信号增强效果。结果显示，PS纳米粒子（80 nm）的运动速度受到金纳米粒子粒径和浓度的影响，随着时间的增加光热阱中会形成直径为30 μm的Au-PS聚集体。PS纳米粒子的SERS信号强度在聚集体内比金溶胶基底提高了7倍，并且密度随着聚集体半径的扩展先增加后减小。该方法实现大量PS纳米粒子的光热效应捕获和SERS检测，显著提高PS纳米粒子的SERS信号强度并且降低了检测限。该方法在纳米器件自组装、环境污染监测等方面具有极大的应用潜力。

眼球是机体的视觉器官，同时也是一个良好的光学模型，因此激光技术在眼科得到了广泛的临床应用，覆盖了几乎眼部各个亚专业疾病的诊断与治疗。目前，激光在眼部的应用主要借助其高空间分辨率、高空间定位精度，以及激光的热效应、光化学效应、光爆破效应、光切割效应和生物调节作用等实现。本文综述了激光在眼科各领域的应用现状，并结合激光技术本身的不断发展，总结了激光技术在眼科的临床应用进展及未来可能的突破点。

光响应液晶聚合物在光化学(如偶氮苯)或者光热(如氧化石墨烯)作用下发生有序-无序转变, 进而产生宏观形变, 是一类被广泛研究的智能材料。目前光驱动液晶聚合物振动器的实现主要有两种途径: 一是紫外或者可见光连续照射时, 偶氮苯液晶聚合物的力学特性发生非线性变化, 驱动器呈现无规振动; 二是通过构筑非平衡系统, 利用驱动器运动过程中的自遮挡效应, 在光源连续照射下自发地产生周期性、连续性运动, 可用于光学信号调制、移动机器人、能量转换、轧机、马达等。本文综述了光驱动液晶聚合物振动器领域的研究进展, 详细介绍了其设计原理、运动机理以及应用领域, 对未来的发展趋势做出了展望。

利用光诱导原子解吸附效应,无需加热就可实现碱金属原子浓度的调控,简易有效,故常被应用于光纤内碱金属原子的充载和磁光阱内单原子的捕获等。在使用460 nm的发光二极管阵列进行原子解吸附时,发现铷原子池的温度上升,说明光解吸效应受到了光热效应的影响,但目前关于光解吸附实验中的光热效应研究鲜有报道。当解吸光功率密度较小时,光热效应的影响几乎可忽略。当增大解吸光功率密度时,光解吸效应以及光热效应的影响不断增大且对原子浓度增长的贡献趋于接近,在两种效应的共同作用下,原子浓度的增长幅度得到进一步提高。研究结论对光子芯片研究具有参考意义。

纳米金颗粒可以有效增强激光诱导光学击穿效应,但不同脉冲激光下激光诱导光学击穿的机理不同。为了从微观角度揭示纳秒和飞秒激光照射纳米金颗粒过程中颗粒内部的光热转换和环境介质的变化,建立了脉冲激光加热水介质中纳米金棒的电子-声子双温度模型,结合实验研究,分析了不同激光能量密度和脉冲宽度对光热转换过程的影响,以及纳米金棒微观熔化特性的差异。结果显示,纳秒和飞秒激光照射下纳米金棒内部的电子和晶格温度的变化趋势基本一致。飞秒激光照射时纳米金棒的熔化阈值约为纳秒激光照射时的1%,纳秒激光照射时纳米金棒周围的水温更高。飞秒激光照射时纳米金棒形貌的改变主要以机械碎裂为主,而纳秒激光作用下则主要以热致纳米金棒熔化为主。