基于单光子探测的距离选通成像系统中，需发射短脉冲激光并进行发射器和接收器之间的同步控制，使探测器工作在光子计数模式并在时间上进行积分，以完成成像操作。为了获得满足系统要求的短脉冲激光，同时减小系统体积、降低系统成本，本文提出将基于射频双极晶体管和基于阶跃恢复二极管SRD(结合短路传输线)两种产生窄脉冲电路应用于单光子距离选通成像系统。介绍了二者的原理与设计方法，进行了仿真验证、实物制作及测试，对脉冲发生器的特点、影响脉宽幅值的因素进行了分析。实物测试结果表明，基于晶体管方式可以产生上升时间为903.5 ps、下降时间为946.1 ps、脉冲宽度为824 ps、幅度为2.46 V的窄脉冲。基于SRD方式可以产生上升时间为456.8 ps、下降时间为458.3 ps、脉冲宽度为1.5 ns、幅度为2.38 V的窄脉冲，二者重复频率皆可达到50 MHz。利用这两种设计方法的任何一种配合外部电流驱动激光二极管都能够获得性能优良的短脉冲激光输出。

Using two infrared pulsed lasers systems, a picosecond solid-state Nd:YAG laser with tuneable repetition rate (400 kHz–1 MHz) working in the burst mode of a multi-pulse train and a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser amplifier with tuneable pulse duration in the range of tens of femtoseconds up to tens of picoseconds, working in single-shot mode (TEWALASS facility from CETAL-NILPRP), we have investigated the optimal laser parameters for kinetic energy transfer to a titanium target for laser-thrust applications. In the single-pulse regime, we controlled the power density by changing both the duration and pulse energy. In the multi-pulse regime, the train’s number of pulses (burst length) and the pulse energy variation were investigated. Heat propagation and photon reflection-based models were used to simulate the obtained experimental results. In the single-pulse regime, optimal kinetic energy transfer was obtained for power densities of about 500 times the ablation threshold corresponding to the specific laser pulse duration. In multi-pulse regimes, the optimal number of pulses per train increases with the train frequency and decreases with the pulse power density. An ideal energy transfer efficiency resulting from our experiments and simulations is close to about 0.0015%.

为充分利用氟化氪（KrF）准分子激光放大器的长泵浦时间，探索提高激光输出效率的方法，开展紫外超短脉冲在KrF准分子激光器中多脉冲放大和组束的实验研究。采用双脉冲放大方案研究激光脉冲时间间隔对输出能量的影响，确定延时时间，提高脉冲总能量并有效抑制自发辐射（ASE）。实现了单次放大4个紫外超短脉冲，获得了近4倍于单脉冲放大的输出能量。并探索紫外超短激光脉冲的组束技术，成功应用光学角多路的方法将两个亚皮秒的紫外激光脉冲进行精确组束。

We propose and demonstrate the use of random phase plates (RPPs) for high-energy sub-picosecond lasers. Contrarily to previous work related to nanosecond lasers, an RPP poses technical challenges with ultrashort-pulse lasers. Here, we implement the RPP near the beginning of the amplifier and image-relay it throughout the laser amplifier. With this, we obtain a uniform intensity distribution in the focus over an area 1600 times the diffraction limit. This method shows no significant drawbacks for the laser and it has been implemented at the PHELIX laser facility where it is now available for users.

A new crystal spectrometer for application in X-ray opacity experiments is proposed. The conditions necessary to yield broad spectral coverage with a resolution ${>}$500, strong rejection of hard X-ray backgrounds and negligible source broadening for extended sources are formulated. In addition, the design, response modeling and reporting of an elliptical crystal spectrometer in conjunction with a linear detector are presented. The measured results demonstrate the performance of the new crystal spectrometer with a broad energy coverage range, high spectral resolution, and high luminosity (good collection efficiency). This spectrometer can be used in combination with point-projection backlighting techniques as utilized in X-ray opacity experiments. Specifically, the X-ray source, transmission and self-emission spectra of the sample can be measured simultaneously in a single shot, which can reduce the experimental uncertainties from shot-to-shot fluctuations. The new crystal spectrometer has been used in the X-ray opacity experiment to precisely measure the aluminum $K$-absorption edge shift in the energy range around 1.560 keV in strongly compressed matter. It is demonstrated that the spectrometer can be used to realize measurements of new and unpredictable physical interactions of interest, as well as basic and applied high-energy-density science.

Muons produced by a short pulse laser can serve as a new type of muon source having potential advantages of high intensity, small source emittance, short pulse duration and low cost. To validate it in experiments, a suitable muon diagnostics system is needed since high muon flux generated by a short pulse laser shot is always accompanied by high radiation background, which is quite different from cases in general muon researches. A detection system is proposed to distinguish muon signals from radiation background by measuring the muon lifetime. It is based on the scintillator detector with water and lead shields, in which water is used to adjust energies of muons stopped in the scintillator and lead to against radiation background. A Geant4 simulation on the performance of the detection system shows that efficiency up to 52% could be arrived for low-energy muons around 200 MeV and this efficiency decreases to 14% for high-energy muons above 1000 MeV. The simulation also shows that the muon lifetime can be derived properly by measuring attenuation of the scintilla light of electrons from muon decays inside the scintillator detector.

Modern chirped pulse amplification laser systems with continuously improving controllability and increasing power are about to reach intensities of up to $10^{22}~\text{W}~\text{cm}^{-2}$ and have proven their potential to accelerate ions out of plasma to several tens percent of the speed of light. For enabling application, one important step is to increase the repetition rate at which ion bunches are at the disposal. In particular, techniques used so far for thin foil target production can require several days of preparing reasonable amounts for a single campaign. In this paper we describe the reasonably droplet method which we have tested and improved so that the emerging foils with thicknesses of a few nanometres up to micrometre can be used as targets for laser ion acceleration. Their quality and performance can compete with so far employed techniques thereby enabling the production of hundreds of targets per day.