In this work, carbon fiber and polyaniline (CF|PANI) composites are prepared by using an electrochemical polymerization method. The morphology and composition characterization results show that the PANI nanospheres are successfully synthesized and uniformly coated on the CF. When the electrodeposition period is 300 cycles, the as-prepared CF|PANI electrode exhibits good specific capacitance of 231.63 F/g at 1 A/g, high performance of 98.14% retention rate from 0.5 to 20 A/g, and excellent cycle stability with only 0.96% capacity loss after 1000 cycles. This is ascribed to the internal resistance that was significantly reduced without binders, which helps to the CF|PANI electrode maintains high operating potential and pseudo-capacitance performance at high current density. The symmetrical supercapacitor based on two CF|PANI electrodes connecting by acidic PVA-H₂SO₄ gel electrolyte exhibits an energy density of 6.55 W·h/kg at a power density of 564.37 W/kg. In addition, the asymmetric supercapacitor based on MoS₂|MWCNTs and CF|PANI electrodes with neutral PVA-Na₂SO₄ gel electrolyte shows an energy density of 16.12 W·h/kg at a power density of 525.03 W/kg. These results indicate that the low internal resistance contributes to the high energy density of symmetrical supercapacitors and asymmetric supercapacitors at high current density and high power density, which is significant for its practical application.In this work, carbon fiber and polyaniline (CF|PANI) composites are prepared by using an electrochemical polymerization method. The morphology and composition characterization results show that the PANI nanospheres are successfully synthesized and uniformly coated on the CF. When the electrodeposition period is 300 cycles, the as-prepared CF|PANI electrode exhibits good specific capacitance of 231.63 F/g at 1 A/g, high performance of 98.14% retention rate from 0.5 to 20 A/g, and excellent cycle stability with only 0.96% capacity loss after 1000 cycles. This is ascribed to the internal resistance that was significantly reduced without binders, which helps to the CF|PANI electrode maintains high operating potential and pseudo-capacitance performance at high current density. The symmetrical supercapacitor based on two CF|PANI electrodes connecting by acidic PVA-H₂SO₄ gel electrolyte exhibits an energy density of 6.55 W·h/kg at a power density of 564.37 W/kg. In addition, the asymmetric supercapacitor based on MoS₂|MWCNTs and CF|PANI electrodes with neutral PVA-Na₂SO₄ gel electrolyte shows an energy density of 16.12 W·h/kg at a power density of 525.03 W/kg. These results indicate that the low internal resistance contributes to the high energy density of symmetrical supercapacitors and asymmetric supercapacitors at high current density and high power density, which is significant for its practical application.

温室气体的过量排放对全球气候产生严重不良影响, 如何减少碳排放已成为全球性议题。超级电容器具有使用寿命长、功率密度高、碳排放量相对较低的优点。大力发展超级电容器储能是建立未来能源系统的可靠和有效措施。MXene材料具有优良的亲水性、电导率、高电化学稳定性和表面化学可调性, 近年来在超级电容器储能应用研究领域广受关注, 但MXene严重的自堆叠问题限制了其储能性能充分发挥, 开发更先进的MXene材料对于下一代高性能电化学储能设备至关重要。基于此, 本文综述了MXene材料在超级电容器储能应用领域的研究进展, 介绍了MXene的结构和储能特性, 探讨了MXene的储能机理, 重点剖析了纳米工程改进MXene电极性能的结构设计, 详细总结了MXene复合材料构效关系和在超级电容器应用方面的最新研究进展, 最后提出了MXene材料用作超级电容器电极的研究方向和发展趋势。