In this work, carbon fiber and polyaniline (CF|PANI) composites are prepared by using an electrochemical polymerization method. The morphology and composition characterization results show that the PANI nanospheres are successfully synthesized and uniformly coated on the CF. When the electrodeposition period is 300 cycles, the as-prepared CF|PANI electrode exhibits good specific capacitance of 231.63 F/g at 1 A/g, high performance of 98.14% retention rate from 0.5 to 20 A/g, and excellent cycle stability with only 0.96% capacity loss after 1000 cycles. This is ascribed to the internal resistance that was significantly reduced without binders, which helps to the CF|PANI electrode maintains high operating potential and pseudo-capacitance performance at high current density. The symmetrical supercapacitor based on two CF|PANI electrodes connecting by acidic PVA-H₂SO₄ gel electrolyte exhibits an energy density of 6.55 W·h/kg at a power density of 564.37 W/kg. In addition, the asymmetric supercapacitor based on MoS₂|MWCNTs and CF|PANI electrodes with neutral PVA-Na₂SO₄ gel electrolyte shows an energy density of 16.12 W·h/kg at a power density of 525.03 W/kg. These results indicate that the low internal resistance contributes to the high energy density of symmetrical supercapacitors and asymmetric supercapacitors at high current density and high power density, which is significant for its practical application.In this work, carbon fiber and polyaniline (CF|PANI) composites are prepared by using an electrochemical polymerization method. The morphology and composition characterization results show that the PANI nanospheres are successfully synthesized and uniformly coated on the CF. When the electrodeposition period is 300 cycles, the as-prepared CF|PANI electrode exhibits good specific capacitance of 231.63 F/g at 1 A/g, high performance of 98.14% retention rate from 0.5 to 20 A/g, and excellent cycle stability with only 0.96% capacity loss after 1000 cycles. This is ascribed to the internal resistance that was significantly reduced without binders, which helps to the CF|PANI electrode maintains high operating potential and pseudo-capacitance performance at high current density. The symmetrical supercapacitor based on two CF|PANI electrodes connecting by acidic PVA-H₂SO₄ gel electrolyte exhibits an energy density of 6.55 W·h/kg at a power density of 564.37 W/kg. In addition, the asymmetric supercapacitor based on MoS₂|MWCNTs and CF|PANI electrodes with neutral PVA-Na₂SO₄ gel electrolyte shows an energy density of 16.12 W·h/kg at a power density of 525.03 W/kg. These results indicate that the low internal resistance contributes to the high energy density of symmetrical supercapacitors and asymmetric supercapacitors at high current density and high power density, which is significant for its practical application.

提出了一种聚苯胺膜微纳光纤液体氢离子浓度探针，并研究了该光纤探针的氢离子浓度传感特性。传感部分由单模光纤-小芯径光纤-单模光纤对芯熔接而成，聚苯胺材料作为敏感膜涂覆于小芯径光纤。首先，对光纤探针传感原理和聚苯胺主链结构变化机理进行理论分析；然后，通过氢离子浓度传感实验进行验证并分析不同膜厚对光纤探针传感特性的影响；最后，完成液体折射率变化实验干扰测试，并评价探针响应-恢复时间和稳定性能。实验结果表明：在氢离子的作用下聚苯胺主链结构发生改变，光纤探针干涉光谱随氢离子浓度增大向短波方向漂移，检测范围随着聚苯胺膜厚增大而增大，但灵敏度与线性度均有明显下降；氢离子浓度范围在10^-6~10^-1 mol/L时，光纤探针灵敏度为-15.74 nm/mol/L，响应与恢复时间分别为25 s和35 s。实验验证了聚苯胺膜与氢离子反应后的光学性质变化，同时也为液体氢离子浓度检测提供了一种新的方法。该光纤氢离子浓度探针还具有固膜强度高、制作简单和成本低等优点。