1 1.中国石油大学(华东) 新能源学院, 青岛266580
2 2.山东能源集团有限公司新能源事业部, 济宁 273500
3 3.西安交通大学 材料科学与工程学院, 西安 710049
气体扩散层(GDL)是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)的关键部件之一, 成本占燃料电池膜电极的40%~50%。开发低成本、高性能的GDL生产工艺, 可以降低燃料电池成本, 推动燃料电池商业化进程。本研究以纤维素棉布为原料, 通过铁基化合物的催化石墨化作用, 在较低温度(1500 ℃)下生成了一种高导电、高孔隙率的柔性生物质碳布。碳布由相互连接的微米级碳纤维组成, 形成了丰富的孔道, 其孔隙率为76.93%。经过铁基化合物催化, 碳纤维的表面原位生成了大量碳纳米管团簇, 增加了碳布的导电性, 使其平面电阻率降低至34 mΩ·cm, 垂直电阻率在 2 MPa压力下降低至2.8 mΩ·cm, 性能达到商业碳布的标准。生物质碳布作为气体扩散层的燃料电池在0.7 A·cm-2电流密度处功率密度达到0.4 W·cm-2, 超过了相同催化剂(Pt)负载量的商业碳布(0.34 W·cm-2)的电池功率密度。本研究制备的生物质碳布制备简单、价格低廉、性能优秀, 为开发低成本、高性能气体扩散层提供了新的思路。
生物质 碳布 碳纳米管 气体扩散层 燃料电池 biomass carbon cloth carbon nanotube gas diffusion layer fuel cell 
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing100176, China
2 Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Center for Biosafety, Sanya 572024, China
3 National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
The rapid spread of viral zoonoses can cause severe consequences, including huge economic loss, public health problems or even global crisis of society. Clinical detection technology plays a very important role in the prevention and control of such zoonoses. The rapid and accurate detection of the pathogens of the diseases can directly lead to the early report and early successful control of the diseases. With the advantages of being easy to use, fast, portable, multiplexing and cost-effective, semiconductor biosensors are kinds of detection devices that play an important role in preventing epidemics, and thus have become one of the research hotspots. Here, we summarized the advances of semiconductor biosensors in viral zoonoses detection. By discussing the major principles and applications of each method for different pathogens, this review proposed the directions of designing semiconductor biosensors for clinical application and put forward perspectives in diagnostic of viral zoonoses.The rapid spread of viral zoonoses can cause severe consequences, including huge economic loss, public health problems or even global crisis of society. Clinical detection technology plays a very important role in the prevention and control of such zoonoses. The rapid and accurate detection of the pathogens of the diseases can directly lead to the early report and early successful control of the diseases. With the advantages of being easy to use, fast, portable, multiplexing and cost-effective, semiconductor biosensors are kinds of detection devices that play an important role in preventing epidemics, and thus have become one of the research hotspots. Here, we summarized the advances of semiconductor biosensors in viral zoonoses detection. By discussing the major principles and applications of each method for different pathogens, this review proposed the directions of designing semiconductor biosensors for clinical application and put forward perspectives in diagnostic of viral zoonoses.
semiconductor biosensor viral zoonoses graphene silicon nanowire carbon nanotube Journal of Semiconductors
2023, 44(2): 023102
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Carbon nanotube (CNT), particularly single-walled CNT, possesses exceptional properties, and can be utilized in many high-end applications including high-performance electronics. However, the atomic arrangement of a CNT determines its band structure, making the atomic-precision fabrication one of most important topics for the development of this material. In this perspective, the author gives a personal summary on the history, current status of the atomic-precision fabrication of CNT and outlines the remaining challenges as well as the possible paths that may lead the production of atomically precise CNTs from ‘fabrication’ to ‘manufacturing’.
atomic precision manufacturing carbon nanotube nanomaterial International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing
2022, 4(2): 023001
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Southern Federal University, Institute of Nanotechnologies, Electronics and Equipment Engineering, Shevchenko St., 2, Taganrog, 347922, Russia
2 Southern Federal University, Research Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials Technology, Shevchenko St., 2, Taganrog, 347922, Russia
Recent studies have shown that nitrogen doping of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can lead to the formation of piezoelectric properties in them, not characteristic of pure CNTs. In this work, nitrogen-doped CNTs were grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and the effect of the aspect ratio of the nanotube length to its diameter on its piezoelectric coefficient was shown. It was observed that as the aspect ratio of the nanotube increased from 7 to 21, the value of increased linearly from 7.3 to 10.7 pm/V. This dependence is presumably due to an increase in curvature-induced polarization because of an increase in the curvature and the number of bamboo-like “bridges” in the nanotube cavity formed as a result of the incorporation of pyrrole-like nitrogen into the nanotube structure. The obtained results can be used in the development of promising elements of nanopiezotronics (nanogenerators, memory elements, and strain sensors).Recent studies have shown that nitrogen doping of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can lead to the formation of piezoelectric properties in them, not characteristic of pure CNTs. In this work, nitrogen-doped CNTs were grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and the effect of the aspect ratio of the nanotube length to its diameter on its piezoelectric coefficient was shown. It was observed that as the aspect ratio of the nanotube increased from 7 to 21, the value of increased linearly from 7.3 to 10.7 pm/V. This dependence is presumably due to an increase in curvature-induced polarization because of an increase in the curvature and the number of bamboo-like “bridges” in the nanotube cavity formed as a result of the incorporation of pyrrole-like nitrogen into the nanotube structure. The obtained results can be used in the development of promising elements of nanopiezotronics (nanogenerators, memory elements, and strain sensors).
Carbon nanotube nitrogen piezoelectric nanogenerator PFM Journal of Advanced Dielectrics
2022, 12(6): 2241001
1 共青科技职业学院机电工程学院, 九江 332020
2 海南科技职业大学机电工程学院, 海口 570100
3 江西晶纳新材料有限公司, 南昌 330000
4 南昌大学机电工程学院, 南昌 330000
利用艾奇逊炉分别在3 000 ℃和2 800 ℃下进行碳纳米管的提纯实验。利用ICP、EDS、TGA检测了提纯碳纳米管的主要催化金属含量、灼烧残余物含量; 用四探针薄膜电阻仪检测其电阻率; 利用SEM、XRD、FT-IR研究了不同温度提纯碳纳米管的组织结构变化和表面特点。研究结果表明, 艾奇逊炉在不同温度下提纯的碳纳米管都可以有效降低碳纳米管粉体中的催化金属含量和灼烧残余物含量, 满足动力电池导电剂要求。与原生碳纳米管比较, 3 000 ℃提纯的碳纳米管的电阻率显著下降, 石墨晶化程度提高; 而2 800 ℃提纯的碳纳米管的电阻率略有提高, 石墨晶化程度变化不大, 表面官能团数量减少。
碳纳米管 高温纯化 艾奇逊炉 体积电阻率 石墨晶化 carbon nanotube high temperature purifying Acheson furnace volume resistivity crystallization of graphite
1 北京大学核物理与核技术国家重点实验室, 北京 100871
2 西北核技术研究所激光与物质相互作用国家重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710024
3 北京激光加速创新中心, 北京 101407
4 北京大学应用物理与技术研究中心, 北京 100871
飞秒激光作用于等离子体可以产生短脉宽、高亮度的极紫外(EUV)辐射,在高分辨率成像、时间分辨谱学等方面都有潜在的应用。为进一步提高辐射亮度,利用相对论飞秒激光与碳纳米管泡沫(CNF)靶相互作用实现了高转换效率的EUV辐射。实验结果表明,当激光能量为1.2 J,CNF密度为4 mg/cm 3时,单发产生的EUV辐射光谱强度在0.1 mJ·nm -1·sr -1量级。相比高密度固体靶,采用低密度CNF靶可以有效地提高激光吸收率,进而实现两个量级的EUV辐射效率增益。同时发现,基于CNF的EUV辐射在15~30 nm波长范围内具有准连续的宽谱特征,适合于超快吸收光谱等应用。
光学学报
2022, 42(11): 1134021
Author Affiliations
Abstract
College of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
We fully demonstrate the special requirements of a mid-infrared all-optical wavelength converter. The construction mechanism of a 2.05 µm all-optical wavelength converter based on the single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is proposed. Systematic experiments are carried out, and the converter device is successfully developed. With the assistance of SWCNT-coated microfiber, the conversion efficiency up to is realized, and the tuning range can reach 9.72 nm. The experimental results verify the correctness of the proposed mechanism and the feasibility of the converter device so that it can be a new technical approach for all-optical wavelength conversion beyond 2 µm. We believe the research can extend the application of this composite waveguide in the field of all-optical communication.
all-optical wavelength conversion single-wall carbon nanotube 2.05 µm microfiber fiber laser Chinese Optics Letters
2022, 20(6): 060602
盐城师范学院物理与电子工程学院，盐城 224007
采用第一性原理与蒙特卡罗方法研究TiCl4气体分子填充扶手椅型碳纳米管的吸附性能与光电性质，结果表明：扶手椅型碳纳米管对TiCl4气体分子具有较强的物理吸附作用，研究构型的吸附能绝对值均超过0.9 eV，是TiCl4气体分子理想的填充载体，随碳纳米管管径的增大，吸附能先增大后减小；温度升高不利于TiCl4气体分子吸附，气体逸度增加有利于吸附，TiCl4气体分子填充扶手椅型碳纳米管宜将温度维持在TiCl4沸点附近，并增加气体的压力；TiCl4的吸附对碳纳米管的电子结构进行了调控，使费米能级附近的态密度显著提高，使复合物的导电性增强，对赝能隙的大小没有明显影响，峰位仍由碳纳米管自身决定；TiCl4的吸附对体系的光学参数影响有限，在增强复合物导电性的同时未使可见光区域吸收率、反射率、损失函数数值增大，可有效提升透明导电薄膜的性能。
金属氯化物 扶手椅型碳纳米管 氯化钛 吸附 密度泛函理论 蒙特卡罗 光电性能 metal chloride armchair carbon nanotube TiCl4 adsorption density functional theory Monte Carlo photoelectric performance
东南大学 化学化工学院, 江苏 南京 211189
近年来, 碳纳米管/液晶弹性体复合材料凭借其稳定高效的光热性能, 成为目前刺激-响应液晶弹性体领域的一个重要研究方向, 但目前研究者大多重点关注其光响应行为及使用场景, 并未系统研究碳纳米管对液晶弹性体材料力学性能的影响。本文通过物理掺杂的方法制备了不同质量分数的碳纳米管/液晶弹性体复合材料, 并利用傅里叶红外光谱、差示扫描量热仪、广角X射线衍射仪、动态热机械分析仪等对制备的复合材料进行热学、液晶性质和力学性能的表征及分析。实验结果表明, 碳纳米管的掺杂量对复合材料的力学性能有明显影响, 其中掺杂质量分数8%的单壁碳纳米管的液晶弹性体复合材料的力学性能最为优异。在30 ℃时, 断裂强度为5.62 MPa, 断裂伸长率为182%; 在85 ℃(清亮点温度之上)时, 其断裂强度为1.62 MPa, 断裂伸长率为89%。相对于纯液晶弹性体薄膜材料而言, 质量分数8%碳纳米管的液晶弹性体复合材料的断裂强度接近纯液晶弹性体薄膜的3倍, 且可以实现最大收缩率为45%的可逆伸缩形变, 在人造肌肉、软体机器人等智能材料领域表现出有良好的应用前景。
液晶弹性体 碳纳米管 力学性能 复合材料 可逆形变 liquid crystal elastomer carbon nanotube mechanical property composite material reversible deformation
