In this paper, a high-sensitivity fiber Bragg grating (FBG) tilt sensor using a cantilever-based structure is introduced. Two FBGs are fixed on a specially designed elastomer. One end of the elastomer is connected to the mass block, and the other end is connected to the shell. The principle of the tilt sensor is introduced in detail, and the mathematical model is established. The performance of the sensor is studied. The results show that there is a good linear relationship between the central wavelength difference of the two FBGs and the tilt angle in the range of -5° to 5°. The repeatability of the sensor is good, and the tilt sensitivity can reach 231.7 pm/°. The influence of the silicone oil on the damping capacity of the sensor is studied. The results show that the damping capacity of the sensor has been improved by sealing the silicone oil inside the shell of the sensor. The field test is carried out on a pier of an elevated bridge, and the result is good, which verifies the practicability of the sensor.

为实现结构的长期安全监测,设计了一种杠杆原理与摆锤结构相结合的光纤光栅倾角传感器,并在此基础上进行了理论分析、数值计算和传感器性能测试。对比分析了数值计算和实验结果,发现二者具有较好的一致性。为增大传感器的灵敏度,对传感器的尺寸参数进行了设计。考虑到光纤光栅与金属材料之间的锚固效率和传感器的制作工艺要求,综合给出了效果最佳的组合值。实验结果表明,所提光纤光栅倾角传感器的有效监测范围为-5°~5°,传感器的灵敏度为359.04 pm/(°),线性相关度可达0.999,测量重复性误差为3.433%。此外,所提光纤光栅倾角传感器降低了温度对角度测量的影响,适用于温度变化较大且精度要求较高的工作环境,有良好的应用前景。

鉴于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)应变测试时对应变和温度交叉敏感的特性,将温度补偿FBG结构与应变FBG结构串联,采用夹持式封装方式,根据温度FBG和应变FBG相对波长的变化确定被测结构的应变量。实验结果表明:温度FBG和应变FBG相对波长变化对温度的灵敏度仅为0.12 pm·℃ ^-1,为温度FBG和应变FBG温度灵敏度的1.14%和1.15%;并实现了应变FBG测量的温度自补偿。夹持式温度自补偿FBG应变传感测试技术原理简单,实用性强,可被广泛应用于实际工程中。

In order to achieve rotation angle measurement, one novel type of miniaturization fiber Bragg grating (FBG) rotation angle sensor with high measurement precision and temperature self-compensation is proposed and studied in this paper. The FBG rotation angle sensor mainly contains two core sensitivity elements (FBG1 and FBG2), triangular cantilever beam, and rotation angle transfer element. In theory, the proposed sensor can achieve temperature self-compensation by complementation of the two core sensitivity elements (FBG1 and FBG2), and it has a boundless angel measurement range with 2πrad period duo to the function of the rotation angle transfer element. Based on introducing the joint working processes, the theory calculation model of the FBG rotation angel sensor is established, and the calibration experiment on one prototype is also carried out to obtain its measurement performance. After experimental data analyses, the measurement precision of the FBG rotation angle sensor prototype is 0.2. with excellent linearity, and the temperature sensitivities of FBG1 and FBG2 are 10 pm/℃ and 10.1 pm/℃, correspondingly. All these experimental results confirm that the FBG rotation angle sensor can achieve large-range angle measurement with high precision and temperature self-compensation.

为了提高光纤EFPI传感器的灵敏度, 提出了一种新型EFPI传感结构, 并对其温度特性以及横向负载特性进行了研究。首先, 介绍了采用端面镀钯金膜的光纤EFPI传感器的结构及其制作方法; 接着, 建立了镀钯金膜光纤EFPI的温度传感模型, 并通过Solidworks、Hypermesh与有限元分析软件ANSYS联合仿真, 对它在不同受压力下进行理论模拟, 获得了腔长变化与压力之间的关系; 最后, 对传统的光纤EFPI与镀钯金膜光纤EFPI的温度和横向负载特性进行了对比试验。试验结果表明, 镀钯金膜光纤EFPI的温度灵敏度为6.083 pm/℃, 具有温度自补偿特性; 它对横向负载的检测灵敏度可达40.83 m/g, 相对于传统的光纤EFPI横向负载的灵敏度提高了2.10倍。实验结果与理论分析相符合, 为实际制作具有温度自补偿的高灵敏度光纤EFPI传感器提供了理论与实验依据。